The Ghastly Writings of Poe Essay - 1466 Words

The Ghastly Writings of Poe Edgar Allen Poe makes tales of imagination and fantasies the irrefutable realms of fear. His tales and poems â€Å"have influenced the literary schools of symbolism†¦as well as the popular genres of detective and horror fiction (Stern xxxviii). However, as many of Poe’s tales and poems conjure terror and trepidation, they also penetrate the imagination with fantasy. Poe repeatedly attempts and succeeds at making his readers endure analogous feelings as those characters in his works. The most common realms Poe writes about are dreams, fantasies, the subconscious, and glimpses of the afterlife. These realms cannot be directly represented since individuals cannot directly comprehend them. Poe, acknowledged†¦show more content†¦Usually, in his tales of terror and death, ghastly occurrences take place under the light of a blood-red moon. â€Å" ‘Fantasy,’ E.M. Forester has said, ‘implies the supernatural, but need not express it’ † (Stern 55). To many, the ultimate fantasy involves a ghost or some other apparition. Poe never writes a â€Å"ghost story†, oddly enough. A ghost, in the sense that we ordinarily think of one, never appears in Poe’s writings. Poe’s characters, â€Å"†¦are not spectral visions but the resuscitated dead who rise from the tomb to confront the living with their†¦flesh† (Stern 55). Poe, nevertheless, creates characters that have no real existence. Poe has two main personalities: the hardworking editor, intellectual critic, the respectable citizen, and â€Å"the disreputable fellow, who frequented low dives and who often wound up literally in the gutter† (Stern 55). Poe makes present the outcome of the lifelong struggle between his two warring selves in â€Å"William Wilson†. In this story, William Wilson repr esents Poe. This tale tells the most about Poe and gives its audience the greatest insight into the workings of Poe’s mind. In â€Å"William Wilson† Poe writes not a tale but a symbolic confession. Poe considers himself as a poet, although, he leaves only fifty poems to the world. Poe says of himself, â€Å"with me poetry has not been a purpose but a passion† (Stern 586). Poe’s poems concern his love, hisShow MoreRelatedThe Pit and the Pendulum vs. Dr. Heideggers Experiment: Not Quite so Different859 Words   |  4 Pagesclosely clear similarities can be found. Subtle literary devices and themes tie these two seemingly dissimilar stories and authors together. Both Poe and Hawthorne focused on the use of detailed descriptions of scenery to create a mood for their stories. In fact, in both stories almost half of what is written is a description of the setting. Poe uses the dungeon in â€Å"The Pit and the Pendulum† to create a sense of doom and despair that plays a part throughout his story. Near the beginning of theRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe Essay1575 Words   |  7 PagesEdgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe was a bizarre and often scary writer. 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Edgar Allan Poe does a good job of using literary devices to absorb the reader into his stories, like in â€Å"The Raven.† Narrated by a man trying to fall asleep late at night when a raven begins to pester him, only answering his questions with, â€Å"nevermore.† Poe uses many components to develop a mood of fear such as diction, imagery, and details. One component Poe utilizes to help the reader visualize â€Å"The Raven,† is by using diction. Poe uses concise words to provoke the emotionRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allen Poe s The Cask 1563 Words   |  7 PagesLiterature 10 November, 2015 Gothic Elements in Poe’s Captivating Stories Edgar Allen Poe can be described as a master of gothic literature. Poe enjoyed incorporating the gothic theme into his stories (â€Å"The Cask† 52). The free dictionary website describes gothicism as a style in fictional literature characterized by gloomy settings, violent or grotesque action, and a mood of decay, degeneration, and decadence. 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Geely Automobile Free Essays

International Business Environment Analysis for Geely plc. 1 International Business Environment II Module title: International Business Environment (P13KL9) Module convener: Lei Li Title: Critical Analysis of International Business Environment in UK and Malaysia : A Project of Geely plc‘s Foreign Expansion Group Name List GROUP NO. ID NO. We will write a custom essay sample on Geely Automobile or any similar topic only for you Order Now 6501184 6501425 6501559 6501825 6501972 6500420 6501843 NAME Chen Yiduo Wang Hao Yin Xiaoyun Wang Zheng Zhu Weixing Zhu Leizhen Wu Gaoying Number of Words: 4201 Submission Time/Date: 14th May, 2010 2 International Business Environment II Covering Note: Yiduo, Chen(6501184), Leader: ASEAN, Leverage the multinational institutions—ASEAN, UNNC Gaoying, Wu (6501843): WTO, UNNC Hao, Wang (6501425): EU, Leverage the multinational institutions—EU, UNNC Leizhen, Zhu (6500420): Income profile, Culture, Marketing analysis—Income profile, UNNC Introduction, Econography, Political risk, Assessment, Conclusion, UNNC Weixin, Zhu (6501972): Xiaoyun, Yin (6501559): Legal System, Exchange rate, Geely‘s Reacts, Recommendations, UNNC Zheng, Wang (6501825): Tax regime, Restrictions, Marketing analysis—legal system, UNNC 3 International Business Environment II Table of contents Pages 1. Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5 2. ECLIPTER facotrs analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 2. 1Econography 2. 2 Culture 2. 3 Legal system 2. 4Income profile 2. 5 Political risk 2. 6 Tax Regime 2. 7 Exchange rate 2. 8 Restrictions Institutions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦.. 13 3. 1 WTO 3. 2 EU 3. 3 ASEAN 3. 4. Assessment of Geely’s overall international expansion strategy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 15 5. Marketing analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 16 5. 1 Legal system 5. 2 Income profile 6. Geely’s reacts to the impact of the ECLIPTER†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 8 7. Leverage the multilateral institutions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 19 7. 1 ASEAN 7. 2 EU 8. Implications and Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 20 9. Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 21 10. References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 22 11. Appendix (Interview)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦28 4 International Business Environment II 1. Introduction Geely, the China-based auto company and one of the newly-emerged multinationals in the world auto market, exerts tremendous influences on the auto industry. This essay will conduct a critical analysis of the international business environment that the company faces. In the first part, the ECLIPTER factors including econography, culture, legal system, income profile, political risk, tax regime, exchange rate and restrictions, together with the multilateral institutions such as WTO, EU and ASEAN will be examined by using UK and Malaysia as examples. Then based on this analysis, it will provide an assessment of the company‘s overall international expansion strategy and process. In the second part, legal system and income profile, the two most important ECLIPTER factors on Geely‘ overseas operations, will be evaluated. Furthermore, the scheme which Geely used to deal with the impact of these two factors and leverage the multilateral institutions will be shown. Finally, this report will analyze whether the company‘s international adaptation of the business function is effective, and then give some recommendations and lessons. 2. ECLIPTER Factors Analysis 2. 1 Econography Econography refers to physical and human assets including distance from major markets, and natural resources of nations that affect industry performance. In the first, the close distance between parent company and foreign subsidiary can help the company to reduce the transport costs and overhead expenses; it also can improve the connection between them. If the parent company is in China, it is better to build a subsidiary in Asia such as Malaysia. Secondly, the natural resources used for making cars mainly include steel, copper, and aluminum. If the country owns rich mineral resources, it can greatly provide benefit in the production of automobiles. One of the major purposes for many multinational corporations establishing overseas subsidiaries is to exploit the foreign natural resources. This is good for companies to 5 International Business Environment II reduce production costs and get competitive advantages. As World Steel Association reported in 2009 that the crude steel production of United Kingdom is 13. 5 in 2008, whereas the crude steel production of Malaysia is 6. 1 in 2008. 2. 2 Culture This paragraph will analyze the effects of culture on auto industry through power distance index and saving rate. Firstly, power distance index measures the degree of inequality exists in a society (Hofstede, 1997). The power distance index is 80 in Malaysia whereas it is only 35 in UK (Hofstede, 2008). The unequal distribution of wealth makes most Malaysian citizens prefer to hold a commercial auto. So the inexpensive Geely auto could be a good option for them. Secondly, saving rate could be a standard to show the attitude of citizens. The saving rate of Malaysia was 47 per cent in the year 1998 which ranks second in Asia (Azia, 2004). In contrast, the saving rate in UK was significantly low, which was less than 10 percent in the past ten years. For instance, the saving rate of UK household in 2008 was only 1. 7 percent (chart 1)(Presser, 2008). So UK citizens are apt to consume a relatively high price car. Chart 1 Resource from Posser (2008) 6 International Business Environment II 2. 3 Legal system The auto industry has been affected by laws and government regulations since the 1960’s. The first safety act passed in 1966 by Congress and was called the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act (Highfill, 2004). This act forced manufacturers to improve the safety for the passengers, the driver visibility, and the braking of the car. Not only safety, but also environment is being growingly concerned even before the oil crisis. The Vehicle Air Pollution and Control Act passed in 1965 was the first act to set standards for automobile pollution. Then in the 1970’s, Congress passed the Clean Air Act that led to a 90% decrease in automobile emission within the next six years (ibid). In the 1970’s the oil crisis led to the approval of The Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975 which stated that all automobiles must meet a certain mileage per gallon. The act required that all automobiles had to meet a standard of 20mpg by the 1980 model and then 27. 5 mpg for the 1985 model (ibid). EU 2020 growth strategy also emphasizes the importance of low carbon automobile (Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders, 2010). There are also many special laws for auto industry in different countries, such as Malaysia, which has built a free trade area for production and assembly of products for export-oriented enterprises. Companies can enjoy the minimum tariffs, raw materials and simplified mechanical equipment import formalities. Nevertheless, the Malaysia government regulates that more than 80% products should export to other countries (Daily News, 2006). Furthermore, the UK Byers Acts Measures to cut the average price of a car by ? 1,100 and save private car buyers around ? 1 billion a year. Although it may lower the profitability of auto industry, the number of consumers will increase gradually (DTI, 2000). 2. 4 Income profile Since automobile is not inferior goods, the demand of automobile would rise when income increases. In the economic aspect, income could be an indicator of the purchasing power of individuals and nations. Data from UK national statistics office (2010) demonstrated that despite the contracted 4. 9 percent of GDP in the whole year, the GDP increased 0. 4 percent in 7 International Business Environment II the fourth quarter of 2009. Furthermore, Household expenditure also rose 0. percent in the fourth quarter of 2009 in UK (chart2). For Malaysia, the GDP growth in the fourth quarter of 2009 was 4. 5 though the figure was negative in the whole year (chart 3) (Malaysia statistics, 2010). It can be observed that the economy of both UK and Malaysia seem to recover from the global financial crisis. This positive signal predicts the growing demand and diste nsible market for Geely in both countries. Chart 2 Resource from UK statistics 2010 Chart3 Resource from Malaysia statistics 2010 8 International Business Environment II The core competitiveness of Geely automobile relies on its high performance-price ratio. Per capital GNI (Gross national income) in Malaysia was 25784 RM in 2008. By analyzing the 2004 United Nations Human Development (UNHDP) report, except the 20% population of richest and poorest class, Geely will be a better choice for the rest citizens in Malaysia(chart 4) (Lumpur, 2004). In comparison, the young people account for a great amount of population in UK. A source from HMRC shows the average income of under 20 years is ? 9,570 and 20-24 years is ? 13,200 which is below the average (chart 5). It implies that when young generation decide to buy a car, price is the first consideration factor. For medium quality car manufacture companies, young population in UK could be a potential group of customers. Chart 4 9 International Business Environment II Chart5 Median Age Band Under 20 years 20 – 24 ? 11,800 years 25 – 29 ? 17,000 years 30 -34 ? 19,500 years 35 – 39 ? 20,100 years 40-44 ? 20,200 years 45 – 49 ? 20,300 years Resource from Lumpur (2004) ? 28,600 ? 24,800 ? 35,400 ? 15,200 ? 20,100 ? 28,100 ? 24,600 ? 34,600 ? 14,900 ? 19,800 ? 26,800 ? 23,600 ? 31,700 ? 15,500 ? 20,100 ? 23,900 ? 21,600 ? 26,700 ? 16,400 ? 20,100 ? 19,300 ? 17,800 ? 20,600 ? 15,900 ? 17,800 ? 3,200 ? 12,400 ? 13,800 ? 11,200 ? 12,300 ? 8,130 ? 9,570 ? 8,490 ? 9,810 ? 7,990 ? 9,250 Median Income Mean Income Income (Men) (Men) (Women) (Women) Income Income Income Mean Median Mean 2. 5 Political risk According to Guinger (2001), political risk describes the stability of government institutions. It can be measured in a variety of ways such as likelihood of foreign aggressio n and civil insurrection. The Transparency International (2009) showed that UK and Malaysia both face some problems of political corruption, which adversely affects the efficiency of economic operation. World Bank estimates that corruption could cost Malaysia as much as RM10 10 International Business Environment II billion a year – an amount equivalent to 1 or 2 per cent of GDP. The corruption in the UK is lighter than Malaysia, which ranked 17, whereas Malaysia ranked 56 in world in 2009 based on Corruption Perceptions Index 2009. But the corruption in UK is not unheard. Surveys by Control Risks and Simmons Simmons show that the awareness of UK laws against foreign bribery may be decreasing over time. In 2002, after the act came into force, 68 percent of respondents said they were familiar with its main points. But in 2006, 48 percent people said that they have totally ignored it (Global Corruption Report, 2009). 2. 6 Tax Regime Tax regime refers to the tax instruments that governments use to raise revenues from multinational firms, such as corporate taxes. The tax of Malaysia is transparent, the multinational corporate must be taxed 30% of the corporate income which is just the same as Malaysia companies Marketing directory, 2005) According to the tax incentive treaties, auto ( . ndustry may be eligible for pioneer status which is given by the way of an abatement of 70% of the profits for five years (ibid). The remaining 30% of the profits will be taxed at the prevailing corporate income tax rate. The profits abated are exempt from tax and will be available for distribution as tax-free dividends. In UK the resident corporate tax is the lowest in Europe, even the tax is zero for t he small companies in 2002(Lawandtax-news, 2010). According to the tax treaties, multinational corporate which set up, purchase or control the companies in UK can follow the resident tax (Navstar, 2009). In the ordinary course of events, foreign companies cannot follow the low corporate tax, but with regard to double taxation and the agreement between UK and China, Chinese multinational corporates in UK now pay the low tax (ibid). 2. 7 Exchange rate Stable trade policies are extremely important for both the economic welfare of the countries and the multilateral trading system. Unfortunately, the liberalization measures were adopted by many countries. As Dornbusch‘s 1976 analysis has pointed out that when the exchange rate is used to provide protection for domestic firms, it is through undervaluation. An undervalued 11 International Business Environment II exchange rate protects domestic firms from imports and gives domestic firms greater incentives to export. For example, the Balance of Payments Committee of the WTO has received 39 requests from member countries for derogations from their international obligations and for a temporary increase in temporary protection. Moreover, several developing countries, such as Malaysia, have recently increased tariffs in response to financial crises even though the higher rates remain below the rates these countries bounded in the WTO. Moreover the analysis said China has become a great auto exporter, as a result of the huge subsidies, an undervalued exchange rate and dirt-cheap credit (Swaminathan, 2009). 2. 8 Restrictions Restrictions refer to the taxes and limitations that host governments place on foreign products and services or on foreign firms themselves when they enter or leave the host economy. Because of the policy of protecting their national automobile industry, the import tax of automobile is relatively high in Malaysia. Since 2004, Malaysia began to reduce the automobile import tax: for the import components the tax is reduce from 25% to 10%, and for the whole automobile the import tax is drop from 130% to 30% for the companies outside of Southeast Asia (MEI, 2009). In 2010, according to the agreement of ASEAN, the automobile import tax will be zero to all the regions of ASEAN. UK is a member of EU, it followed the economic agreement of EU which sets no import or export tax between members of EU and they must charge the same tax when they have business with the third country (European competitiveness, 2009). 12 International Business Environment II Scoring Analysis of UK and Malaysia Country Score Econography Culture Legal System Income Profile Political Risk Tax Regime Exchange Rate Restrictions Total (10) (10) (20) (20) (10) (10) (10) (10) (100) 8 7 18 8 8 8 7 7 71 7 6 16 15 5 9 8 9 75 UK Malaysia 3. Institutions 3. 1 WTO The major objectives of WTO‘s roles are ? the creation of a common automobile market through the elimination of barriers to intra-Community trade; the maintenance and expansion of a competitive world automobile industry; the use of voluntary import restrictions to prevent cheap imports and to maintain competitiveness? European Commission, 2006). For example, in 2006, WTO announced the establishment of a panel to examine whether China’s tariffs on imported auto parts violate WTO trade rules, following a joint complaint made by the United States, the European Union and Canada, who accused China for its discriminatory charges on imported auto parts. After exami ning China‘s related regulations, WTO panel declared that China’s regulations are inconsistent with China’s WTO obligations. China has agreed to make the necessary regulatory changes by September 2009 (Herd, 2006). 13 International Business Environment II WTO facilitates Geely‘s international expansion since the elimination of trade barriers has cleared its path to world market and made it integrated to the world economy. In 2002, after China joined into WTO, 100 automobiles of Geely exported to Syria (Luo, 2005). 3. 2 EU EU functions as a rule-imposer. It sets strict requirements and institute rules and regulations to improve vehicle safety. Besides the vehicle crash tests executed by Euro NCAP (European New Car Assessment Program backed by European Commission), there are also some regulations set to protect the environment. First, in order to respond to the gradual aggravation of greenhouse effect, the European commission developed a mandatory emission standard to limit the emission of one major kind of greenhouse gas, CO2. The regulation set a fleet-average CO2 emission target for passenger cars, which is 120 g/km to be reached by 2015 (European Commission, 2010). The vehicle manufacturers must reach the CO2 emission target of 130g/km, with an additional reduction of 10 g/km to be provided by supplementary measures, such as the use of hydrogen fuel. A long-term target of 95 g/km to be reached by 2020 is also stablished by the regulation (ibid). This regulation will take effect in 2012. From 2012 onwards, vehicle manufacturers who do not meet this target will have to pay penalty for their excess emissions. According to DieselNet (2010), from 2012 to 2018, the penalties are â‚ ¬5 per vehicle for the first g/km of CO2; â‚ ¬15 for the second gram; â‚ ¬25 for the third gram; â‚ ¬95 from the four th gram onwards. From 2019, manufacturers will pay â‚ ¬95 for each g/km exceeding the target. Another congressional mandate imposed by European Commission requires tire pressure monitoring systems on all new cars in 2012. According to Europe‘s Information Society (2010), many road accidents resulting in fatalities and physical injuries are linked to tire defects. Furthermore, under-inflated tires can result in severely inefficient use of fuel and cause an extra two million tons of CO2 emitted into the atmosphere per year. So this mandate enhances vehicle safety and protects the environment. 14 International Business Environment II These regulations have incurred a rise in car prices since vehicle manufacturers are forced to increase price to offset the cost of upgrading. These regulations put Geely in an unfavorable position. Since Geely is better known for making low-tech and cheap cars, making eco-friendly cars is not included in the competencies of the company and huge RD spending is inevitable for nurturing this competence. They set a high bar for the competition and limit Geely‘s ability to expand market in Europe. 3. 3 ASEAN ASEAN – Association of South East Asia Nations is a geo-political and economic organization of 10 countries located in Southeast Asia. China and ASEAN are both newly-emerged, rapidly-developing auto markets. Cooperation in auto industry between China and ASEAN will bring a win-win situation for the two sides and make their cars more competitive in a global competition. For instance, according to Xinhua News Agency (2006), a report released by the Ministry of Commerce Indonesia has announced that compared to the expensive Japanese sedans, the China-made ones gradually gain popularity for more favourable price-performance ratio. ASEAN country also needs investment from Chinese carmakers to expand local employment and for more price-favourable cars, said a Germany auto expert at the China-ASEAN Expo, 2006. Consequently, in general, ASEAN opens its gate to Chinese car companies including Geely to achieve a win-win situation. 4. Assessment of Geely’s overall international expansion strategy Geely‘s current international strategy is to produce affordable automobile, so the market size and consume power of a foreign market are highly valued by Geely. Malaysia automobile market resembles China more than UK, in the aspects such as the people‘s income, the similar culture, and the similar geographical position, etc. As by now most cars have been exported to some developing countries like South-East Asia, Ukraine, Russia, and Mexico, Malaysia will be good choice. Meanwhile, although UK does not represent a neighboring or ? home‘ market, 15 International Business Environment II as markets in South-East Asia do, UK could be seen as an interesting market with a potential for higher margins, higher price levels and a more mature market for branding, technology, etc, as the UK‘s income per capita, and the automobile sales volume are higher than that of Malaysia. Considering the future international development, Geely should focus on UK. Therefore, at first, it is better for Geely to develop its ? producing automobile which most of people can buy‘ strategy in Malaysia, and when Geely is able to enter high-end automobile market, UK will be a better choice. In terms of multilateral institution, after evaluating the influence of international organizations, we suggest that Malaysia is a better choice for Chinese car companies to exploit new markets. Firstly, a win-win situation guarantees a favourably corporate relationship between Geely and ASEAN (Eichengreen, 2006). Secondly, there are various quality-related requirements and constraints in EU and probably NAFTA, which puts up a strong challenge for those Asian auto makers. Moreover, by far, there is no evidence to prove the acquisition of Manganese Bronze and Volvo have considerably increased Geely‘s sale in developed nations. Thus considering the opportunities and threats faced by Geely, it is recommended that the company emphasizes on developing nations‘ markets, rather than the developed markets. 5. Marketing analysis 5. 1 Legal system According to Alistair Darling‘s pre-budget report, UK will bring new opportunities for the low-carbon industries. Through the Innovation Investment Fund and the Carbon Trust’s Venture Capital scheme, UK will invest at least ? 160m in low carbon projects (Guardian, 2009). They will also invest ? 90m in the European Investment Bank’s new 2020 fund, which will put 6. 5 billion Euros of finance in green infrastructure projects. In this report, there are alterations to the climate change levy, company car tax, and fuel benefit charge (ibid). This is good news for Geely because now it dedicates itself to produce high-tech and eco-friendly automobile. In 16 International Business Environment II UK the amount of car tax depends on the price and the discharge amount for carbon, which is from 9% for electric motor car to 10%-35% for petrochemical car. UK also has a successful car scrappage scheme, which gives consumers a ? 2,000 discount off. If they scrap their old vehicle, it will help up to 125,000 families replace their inefficient boilers with new models (Julia, 2009). Through the government‘s support of low-carbon industry, Geely has more opportunities to innovate high-tech and eco-friendly automobile. Furthermore, because of the low tax and car scrappage scheme, customer is inclined to buy or change an electric motor car,. In 22nd March 2006, Malaysia published the new automobile policy (MEI, 2009). Since that day, the import taxes of CBU (Complete Built Unit) are reduced from 20% to 5% for the ASEAN members and 50% to 30% for other countries. The import taxes of CKD (Completely Knock Down) are 10%. In 28th October 2009, Mustafa Mohamed announced many new policies for auto industry which will give much more preferences and subsidies for the new energy automobile companies (ibid). . 2 Income profile It is known that the success of Geely relies mostly on keeping low cost and offering the affordable cars. For instance, Geely’s best-selling four-door sedan, the King Kong, has been sold 6127 in April 2010 and the retail price is between 47,800RMB – 58,800RMB (Jiang, 2010). Geely sold 329,014 passenger cars in 2009, making it is the third largest domestic car producer (Zhe ng, 2010). However, Geely’s winning formula is under pressure in china because Chinese consumers are becoming wealthier; the higher-end models will gradually be affordable for them. Meanwhile, brands such as the Chery QQ, Ford Fiesta, and Honda Civic are threatening Geely‘s current market position. Geeky‘s winning formula is also challenged at the oversea markets like UK and Malaysia. Date from HMRC (HM Revenue Customs) indicates that nearly 50% of the population in UK earns ? 16400 annually which is much higher than the middle class income of Malaysia. This group of population could be a dominant power in the automobile market in UK. It is not a wise choice to sell its inexpensive cars in UK considering that low price would not be 17 International Business Environment II attractive for these relatively rich citizens. The similar situation also happened in Malaysia which made Geely‘s low price cars less competitive. This is because that the predicted real GDP growth in 2010, 2011 and 2015 are 4. 7%, 5. 0% and 5. 0%, Malaysian people are becoming richer than before(IMF, 2010). Their increasing incomes will directly affect their car buying choice. People nowadays prefer the higher-end models and the market share of Geely‘s lower-end models are estimated to reduce gradually. 6. Geely’s reacts to the impact of the ECLIPTER First, since the middle of 2009, the sales of car exports decreased from 37940 in 2008 to 6297. Furthermore, although Geely exports to more than 50 countries, most of them are developing countries which are not so effective in the promotion of the brand image. In order to get rid of low-end image, Geely changed its strategy from ? produce automobile which most of people can buy‘ to ? do not produce cars which price is below 40000 Yuan‘ (Fang, 2009). Besides, Geely take over Volvo which also expressed its desire to promote the brand image. Geely‘s strategy changes starts in May 2007, which is focus on transforming its competitive advantage from price to technology. In 2007, Geely used three new motorcycle type—Yuan Jing, King Kong and Zi You Jian, which have relatively higher value added to substitute the Haoqing, Meiri and You Liou. For doing that, Geely scraped its old molds, jigs and production line which worth up to 8 billion Yuan. In 2008, the sales of these three new auto types grew 12% without discount marketing strategy (Geely annual report, 2009). Furthermore, in 2010, Geely will market 21 new auto types, and some of them were designed by Fabrizio Giugiaro, the Italy‘s famous auto manufacturer. Moreover, the new energy auto will also be produced in 2010, which will include Panda and DiHao (Wenqing, 2010). These new energy auto types have been showed in the Beijing car exhibition 2010 (Phoenix auto, 2010). In order to deal with these two factors, Geely also has a complementary strategy: cooperate or takeover other well-known international auto manufacturers. It will not only help Geely to promote its auto manufacture technology, but also improve its brand image. Geely has already cooperated with 18 International Business Environment II Britain‘s Manganese Bronze to produce luxurious brand-named taxi (China car Times, 2010) and assembled cars with Information Gateway Corp Sdn Bhd (IGC) in Malaysia, 2006 (Tan, 2006). 7. Leverage the multilateral institutions 7. 1 ASEAN One of the stunning news in 2005 was the political barriers Geely met in Malaysia, which was considered as the biggest challenge for its overseas expansion so far. Geely‘s President Li Shufu described Malaysia as ? an unexpected trap? because of Malaysia government‘s rejection on fulfilling the contract. After examining the ECLIPTER factors of Malaysia market, Li Shufu and his team regarded Malaysia as the first pillbox and cornerstone of its expansion to ASEAN countries. He believed the learning in Malaysia could be helpful. Therefore, in May 2005, Geely has made a joint contract with Malaysia IGC group for building CKD factory in Malaysia. However, Malaysia government denied the contract after a new document on automobile being published. According to the document, all cars made by foreign automobile manufacturers were prohibited to sell in Malaysia. Then the situation in Malaysia went against its expection of getting a huge sale. However, according to Geely officials, to some extent, ASEAN agreements have made Geely to reconsider the importance of Malaysia (Harwit). In South East Asia nations, there are some strict tariff-related regulations for automobile industry. Contrarily, tariff among ASEAN countries is in a minimum rate. According to an inner-ASEAN agreement, from 2003 to 2009, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippine, Singapore and Vietnam exempted auto import tariff for each other. From 2010, all ASEAN countries will implement zero auto import tariff for each other. At the same time, Indonesia, Thailand and some other ASEAN nations‘ demand of cars is increasing considerably (JAMA, 2008). Especially after an impressive increase in 2007, the car-sale in Indonesia becomes significantly dazzle. Therefore Geely 19 International Business Environment II planed to only manufacture cars in Malaysia and then export cars to other ASEAN countries, which seems like a forward-looking plan in a long-term development. Finally, Geely decided to move its Malaysia CKD manufacture center to Indonesia. However, its vision of leveraging ASEAN to pursue a sale performance in all ASEAN nations has not changed. 7. 2 EU In terms of EU regulations, since Geely has acquired 100% ownership of Volvo, the Sweden‘s company, Geely is no longer an outsider of European market. According to the EU Single market concept (European Commission, 2010), a free circulation of capital, labor, goods and services between EU members is granted. Geely now have got over tariff barriers and competes as an insider. . Implications and Recommendations One of the strategies of Geely is to promote new energy automobile, there are two advantages for this strategy: Firstly, Geely can get powerful support from government since the development of new energy is encouraged by the government. Secondly, since new energy automobile is environmental friendly goods, it not only reduces the carbon emissions, but also decreases the expenses o n routine maintenance (Bond newspaper, 2010). However, there are also drawbacks, such as the inadequate facilities. Acquiring other world famous bands is the other strategy of Geely, which facilitates the company‘s global expansion. For instance, Volvo is well-known by its safety, which could provide Geely with a competitive advantage on its brand trust. It also provides a valuable, more upscale user image. Therefore, through merger or acquisition of international well-known brands, Geely can get greater international fame and advanced technology, integrate into the world market and attract more consumers. However, certain risks should be considered when Geely acquires Volvo. The first risk is that the culture conflicts between two countries. It has been reported that one of the hindering factors is that the union of Volvo in Sweden disagrees the acquisition for their reduced 20 International Business Environment II welfare and unemployment (Gasgoo, 2009). The second risk is that the value of acquired equity. It has been said that Volvo‘s vaunted reputation for safety has been challenged by other manufacturers which can also provide automobiles with same safety standard. In this case Volvo‘s ? safe? advantage may not be as competitive as before. 9. Conclusion To sum up, this essay has analyzed the ECLIPTER factors of Geely‘s two overseas markets, Britain and Malaysia, and examined influence of the related multilateral institutions. According to this matrix analysis, legal system and income profile have the most important impact on the auto industry. For multilateral institutions, ASEAN and WTO generally promote the Geely‘s international expansion strategy, while EU regulations are less favored in its expansion. Considering both ECLIPTER factors and related multilateral institutions, it is suitable for Geely to enter developing nations to acquire market share at its initial development. But for long-term development, Geely need to pay attention to research and develop higher-end models. With the development of Geely Company and the overall auto industry, Geely‘s focus will shift from developing countries to developed countries. Currently, Geely‘s low price strategy is challenged by the legal system and income profile of developed countries. Therefore, Geely is increasing its efforts in releasing new model cars and tapping into developed countries through merger or acquisition. Geely intends to promote its brand image and enlarge its market share through these strategic moves, although it has to face the risk of culture conflicts and the uncertainty of acquisition value. 21 International Business Environment II 10. References: Azia, A. Z. (2004) Malaysia-Encouraging Saving in a Dynamic Economy [Online]. Available at: http://www. bis. org/review/r040115c. pdf [17 April 2010] Bond newspaper (2010) (There are many advantages of new energy automobile but it needs improve) [online]. Available at: [6 May 2010] China Car Times. 2010) London Taxi‘s should now be renamed Hangzhou Cabs. [Online] A vailable at: [11 April 2010] Daily News (2006) 10 ,80% (Geely will produce automobiles in Malaysia, 80% should not sell to other countries)[online]. Available at: [25 April 2010] DEPATMENT OF STATISTICS MALAYSIA Official Website (2009) Population [Online]. Available at: [12 April 2010] DieselNet (2010) Cars: Greenhouse Gas Emissions [online]. Available at: [15 Apri l 2010] DTI (2000) Byers Acts to Reduce Car Price [online]. Available at: [27 April 2010] 22 International Business Environment II Eichengreen, B. 2006) China, Asia, and the World Economy: The Implications of an Emerging Asian Core and Periphery China World Economy / 1 – 18, Vol. 14, No. 3, 2006 [Online]. Available at: [24 April 2010] European Commission (2010) A Single Market for goods [Online]. Available at:[ 20 April 2010] European Commission (2006) A Competitive Automotive Regulatory System for the 21st century [Online]. Available at:[ 20 April 2010] European competitiveness (2009) Tariff Barriers [online]. Available at: [21 April 2010] Europe‘s Information Society (2010) Tyre Pressure Monitoring System [online]. Available at : [21 April 2010] Fang, Wen (2009) Vs (The Difference Between BYD and Geely) [online]. Available at: [21 April 2010] Gasgoo. (2009) Volvo union meets Geely, no detail on financing. [Online] Available at: [11 April 2010] 23 International Business Environment II Geely (2009) Annual Report and Financial Statement [online]. Available at: [5 May 2010] Guardian (2009) Alistair Darling’s pre-budget report-full text [Online]. Available at: [20 April 2010] Harwit, E. (2006) Chinese Overseas Investment: Cases in the Automobile and Telecommunications Sectors [Online] Available at: [20 April 2010] Herd, J. (2006) Modern Global Automobile Industry [Online]. Available at: [21 April 2010] Highfill, D. , Baki,M. , Copus, S. , Green, M. , Smith,J. and Whineland. M (2004) Automotive Industry Analysis-GM, DaimlerChrysler, Toyota, Ford, Honda [online]. Available at: [28 April 2010] HMRC (2004) Rates and allowances – Income Tax [Online]. Available at: [17 April 2010] Hofstede (1997) Culture [Online]. Available at: [17 April 2010] Hofstede(2008) Wolrd map of Power Distance Index-Hofstede [Online]. Available at : [17 April 2010] Hofstede (2008), World Map of Uncertainty Avoidance – Hofstede [Online]. Available at : [17 April 2010] 24 International Business Environment II Ifeng (2010) (Analyzing Geely’s current position from the proportion change of ranking and sales) [Online] Available at: [12 April 2010] International Monetary Fund (2010) World Economic Outlook [Online] Available at: [11 April 2010] JAMA (2008) 1996-2007 ASEAN 5 Countries Sales Statistics [Online]. Available at: [24 April 2010] Julia, K. (2009) Scrappage Scheme Bosst Continues As New Car Sales Up 31% On Last Year [Online]. Available at: [20 April 2010] Lawandtax-news (2010) Corporate Taxation for Multinationals [online]. Available at: [21 April 2010] Lumpur, K. 2004) 2002 WORLD SUMMIT ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT [Online]. Available at: [15 April 2010] Luo, J. (2005) The Growth of Independent Chinese Automotive Companies [online]. Available at: [15 April 2010] Malaysia statistics (2010) Gross Domestic Product [Online]. Available at: [15 April 2010] 25 International Business Environment II Marketing directory (2005) (the Summary of Investment Environment of Malaysia)[online]. Available at: [21 April 2010] MEI (2009) (the New Policy of Automobiles in Malaysia) [online]. Available at: [20th April 2010] Navstar (2009) the detail of the corporate tax in UK) [online]. Available at: [21 April 2010] Office for National Statistic (2009) National Projections UK population to exceed 65m by 2018 [Online]. Available at: [11 April 2010] Phoenix auto website (2010) ( the new energy car showed in Beijing car exhibition) [online]. Available at: [5 May 2010] Posser, D. (2008) UK saving rate sinks to 49-year low as growth falters[Online]. Available at : [17 April 2010] Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders (2010) EU 2020 growth strategy emphasises significance of low carbon automotive [online]. Available at: http://www. eemsonline. co. uk/press_releases/08-03-10_3 [1 May 2010] Swaminathan S Anklesaria Alyar. TNN(2009) How India beat China in auto exports [online]. Available at [3 May 2010] 26 International Business Environment II Swee-Hock, S. (2007) The population of Peninsular Malaysia. [Online] Available at: [13 April 2010] TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL (2009) Corruption Perceptions Index 2009 [Online]. Available at: [11 April 2010] UK statistics (2010) GDP Growth [Online]. Available at: [15 Apr 2010] Wenqing F. (2010) 21 Geely will market 21 new types of automobile, new energy car also will produce)[online]. Available at: [24 April 2010] World Steel Association (2009) WORLD STEEL IN FIGURES 2009 [Online]. Available at: [11 April 2010] World Bank (2008) Gross National Income Per Capita 2008,Atlas Method and PPP [Online]. Available at: [15 April 2010] Xinhua News Agency (2006) China Eyes ASEAN for Car Assembly, Export [Online] Available at: [18 April 2010] 27 Internation al Business Environment II 11. Appendix An interview with the Geely official Distinguished guest: Mr. Zhao Jie, Vice President of Geely Holding Group, In charge of Geely‘s international business. Time: 28 April 2010 Location: Mr. Zhao Jie‘s office Selected QA: Q: How does Geely react to the EU’s high standard of safety and emission? A: The high standard in Europe is indeed a big challenge for us late-movers. However, we have investigated a lot on the RD and have made some success. As our new motto cited, we will ? devote ourselves to produce the safest, most energy-saving and environmental-friendly cars in affordable prices?. In spite of the European standard, we will also investigate on those aspects. Besides, we have acquired Volvo, a company with best reputation on its safety and reliability. Volvo will bring us the experience and advanced technology in pursuing safety. Moreover, developing new energy is not only the trend of all car companies, but also all those energy-based industries. Under the support of our government, we are confident in making a breakthrough in this area. Q: Have you got any type or design which could achieve the standard? A: Yes we have. Most of the automotive types in our series-EC were produced based on the EU standard. Q: We know Geely acquired Manganese Bronze. How can you successfully acquire Volvo from Sweden and DSI from Australia? 28 International Business Environment II A: Firstly, I am grateful to the lead of our Party and the flourishing Chinese economy. China now attracts the whole world‘s attentions. As one of the best Chinese companies, Volvo has its own advantage. As we have emphasized, you could not acquire Volvo only by money. That‘s like a free marriage, not an obligatory acquisition. They have already accepted us. As a fast developing China-based company, we could give Volvo continuous capital support. Also, our promotion will make Volvo more famous in China. In terms of DSI, there are several parades of their employees due to the downsizing. The company is on the edge of bankrupt. People clap their hands to welcome us, because they see the hope. Besides, we have developed the technology of gearbox for about 6, 7 years, we are able to understand and accept the technology of DSI. Q: Will there be any problems caused by culture collision after the acquisition of them? A: I don‘t think it is a problem for us. Firstly, Volvo is an international company who will make decisions with a global vision. Although everybody loves their country, the asset of an international company is complex, especially after becoming a listed company. It depends on the structure of the asset. For instance, who do you think Toyota belongs to? The asset structure is global, in which Japanese capital accounts for only a small part. However, the culture of Toyota is still Japanese. We think the situation is similar to Volvo, whose culture will not be changed by us. Our relationship is more likely a brotherhood, rather than hierarchical relationship. What we need to do is communication, respecting and taking care of each other. Q: Will Geely transfer the entire Volvo product line to China? A: Automobile needs indigenous producing, RD and sale, and more importantly, the maximum indigenous complement. So the current factories in Sweden and Belgian will be remained permanently. Q: What’s your opinion on the Malaysia event, I mean the broken of your corporation? 29 International Business Environment II A: Based on the evaluation of all aspects, including the demand, competition, income and wage level, even the political aspect itself; we believed Malaysia was our best choice to enter ASEAN. Malaysia had already accepted our contract; we even signed the contract witnessed by both governments‘ staff. You know Wu Bangguo, chairman of National People’s Congress and Malaysia‘s head of Parliament have attended the ceremony. I don‘t know why and how they allowed themselves to make such a decision. They denied the unilateral contract which goes against WTO regulation. I don‘t want to talk about it anymore. Q: The Geely Panda is transformed to â€Å"Tobe† and being sold in Taiwan, it is said that the real purpose is the ASEAN markets. Can you explain it a little bit? A: Sure. Firstly, Taiwan has an advanced system in sales and service. We could improve our service, especially after-sale service. Secondly, Yulon Motor has abundant experience in overseas sales. This ? Tobe? has already being sold in Vietnam, and will be sold in Malaysia, Indonesia and Philippine. Q: What’s your future plan? A: Except ASEAN, we have run our business well in many markets. For instance, AIS Company from Ukraine, our best agency, sold out 8000 units for us in Ukraine and made ? Exterior? the most famous autotype in Ukraine. Considering the geographic advantage that Ukraine possesses, we will build CKD factory there, in order to expand to Russia and Eastern Europe. We also have signed a contract with a Mexico partner to build a 130-million-dollar all-around industrial centre. Our plan is, by 2015, build 15 produce centers abroad, and sell 2 million cars, in which 1. 3 million will be sold in overseas markets. Contacts: Address: Suite 15E, West Tower, 668 East Beijing Rd, Shanghai, 200001China Tel: 86-21-53086111 53086126 Fax:86-21-53085062E-mail:carlos@geelymetop. com 30 International Business Environment II How to cite Geely Automobile, Papers

Astronomy Book Questions Essay Sample free essay sample

Briefly describe the construction of an atom. How large is an atom? How large is the nucleus compared to the full atom? An atom consists of a karyon and an negatron cloud. The nucleus consists of protons and neutrons. Protons are a positive charge while neutrons have no charge. The negatron cloud consists of negatrons that have a negative charge. Atoms are so little there could be more atoms in a individual bead of H2O than there are discernible stars in the existence. 13. How do we believe the Moon formed. and what grounds supports this hypothesis? It is believed that there was a great impact between the Earth and a immense planetesimal. The dust remnant from the impact went around the Earth and formed the Moon as we know it today. 18. Based on the known extrasolar planets. should we reason that earth-like planets are rare? Why or why non? I would state Earth like planets are really rare. We will write a custom essay sample on Astronomy Book Questions Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There are no other planets that worlds can last on without an enclosure. The conditions on Earth are merely right for life while other planets are non fit for life because of their barbarous conditions. Ch. 7 9. How do crater counts tell us the age of a planetal surface? Briefly explain why the Moon is so much more to a great extent cratered than the Earth.Unlike Earth. the Moon has no atmosphere. Because of the no ambiance. meteors and meteorites hit the Moon. Besides there are hints of lunar mare which is lava from old vents that cooled. 10. Briefly summarize the geological history of the Moon. Be certain to explicate the beginning of the lunar mare. After the Moon formed. it started with some volcanism and techtonics. After some eruptions the Moon cooled down and became what it is today. The lunar mares came from the cooled lava. Then as clip went on the Moon was hit by many impacts of meteors and asteroids. 12. Describe at least three similarities and three differences between Earth and Marss. Some similarities that the Moon and Earth have is they both have had or have volcanic activity. both have had worlds walk on them. and they both have besides been hit by asteroids and meteors. The Earth has an ambiance while the Moon does non. Because of this the Earth has life while the Moon does non. The Earth besides still has a firing nucleus with thermic energy while the Moon has cooled down. Ch. 9 1. Briefly explain why comets. asteroids. and meteorites are so utile in assisting us understand the history of the solar system.All three of these all help us larn about the solar system because of their natural do up and by their orbits. They besides have alone formations of different metals. 9. describe the Kuiper belt and Oort cloud in footings of their locations and the orbits of comets within them. How did comets come to be in these two parts? The Kuiper and Oort belt are non a cloud of gas but they are a aggregation of many single comets. Comets come into being in them by ice organizing on them because of how far they are from the Sun. They become like a elephantine sweet sand verbena. They travel around the Sun near to the orbit of a planet. 13. briefly describe the grounds proposing that the mass extinction that killed off the dinosaurs was caused by an impact. How did the impact lead to the mass extinction? There is grounds of different beds on Earth that show elements that have came from impacts on Earth. The mass extinction could non hold been caused merely by the impact. but the carbon black and other effects of the impact killed off the workss which destroyed the nutrient concatenation and caused the dinosaurs to go nonextant. 14. How frequently should we anticipate impacts of assorted sizes on Earth? How serious a menace do we face from these impacts? A graph says we may acquire a atmospheric detonation or little crater within the following twelvemonth to 1000 old ages. Then impacts that cause clime alteration and tsunamis likely would go on within the following 1000 to million old ages. A impact that could do mass extinction would within the following 100 million old ages to one time in earth’s history.

Law of Life Essay free essay sample

Law of Life â€Å"Live as if you were to die tomorrow, learn as if you were to live forever† (Gandhi). Although this one sentence may not have a very big impact in your mind, it does for me. No, it is not because it was said by Gandhi, but because it has a certain meaning to it that cannot be expressed in words. It is that one meaning that we all strive to find in our own separate laws of life. Many do actually find their interpretation, however what one approves as one’s interpretation of a quote a cheesy way to do so for another. However, for this quote, there is only one proper meaning. Let’s take it phrase by phrase. The first phrase says, â€Å"Live as if you were to die tomorrow†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Gandhi). When we look at this phrase in retrospectively we can take out many views from it. We will write a custom essay sample on Law of Life Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The first and foremost is a common word people all over the nation use every day, YOLO. That’s right, You Only Live Once, aka YOLO. Even with this simple phrase people mistake the true meaning behind it. YOLO does not mean to go around doing whatever you like whenever you want; it means that you should do productive activities that benefit the welfare of society and bring a worldwide issue to an end. When I say this I do not mean that one should solve world hunger one day and find the cure for cancer the next day. Although that would be awesome and you would be the most respected person alive; we know that is very unrealistic. Rather, on should take realistic steps that help in the international effort to solve these problems. A couple of years back, I was in India at my uncle’s house. Every day at around dinnertime, a poverty stricken boy would walk from house to house looking for food. He was given food but he kept me thinking on how his misery could come to an end and have a chance of actually getting somewhere in his lifetime. Someday we will find out and change the world. â€Å"†¦learn as if you were to live forever† (Gandhi). The first thing that popped into my mind is a famous Latin proverb; â€Å"Usus est magister optimus† (Unknown). This translates to, â€Å"Experience is the best teacher†. The phrase is pretty self-explanatory. Whatever we do, there is always a way to go through that one activity more efficiently and have it result in a better outcome. This makes us realize that the next time we do the same activity we should improve the way we prepare and/or perform it and get it as close to perfect as we can. I was reminded of my black belt testing for taekwondo as I wrote this. Two summers ago, I tested for my first black belt. One of the things we had to do is break two boards with two different techniques. One of the boards broke easily and the touch of my arm. The other was a bit trickier. I kicked the board and tried to break it two times and missed. This left me baffled because I had broken them easily when I was practicing. I was called to the judges table and the judges talked to me and told me how I could fix my technique. I listened and followed what they said and I finally broke the board. I eventually did find out what I was doing wrong and made sure to think of doing the opposite when I used that kick for I did not want to go back to the old days. Ever since that day I have never missed a board with that kick. This shows that even after practicing for a thousand times, there is still something to learn in everything you do. (636 words)

Love in Great Expectations and Wuthering Heights essays

Love in Great Expectations and Wuthering Heights essays Love in Wuthering Heights and Great Expectations, both of which are Victorian novels, is under the influence of social status. For example, in Wuthering Heights, the desire for social advancement prompts the first Catherine to marry Edgar regardless of her overpowering love for Heathcliff. Catherine thinks that her marriage to Heathcliff, a lowborn servant, would degrade herself even though she admits that she love Heathcliff so deeply that she and Heathcliff are the same. In Great Expectations, Pip fs love for Estella stings him to the improvement of his social status. In his opinion, only by being a member of Estella fs social class, a gentleman, would he be qualified to marry Estella. What fs worse, Pip fs appreciation of Joe, Biddy, and Magwitch fs love is severely hindered by his zeal for social class. Pip is ashamed of Joe, Biddy, and Magwitch because they are of mean birth and remind him of his low social status. Furthermore, the authors of the two novels, Emily and Dickens, both agree that through forgiveness and repentance love could conquer hatred and save people from miseries. In Wuthering Heights, young Catherine fs regretting her mockeries of Hareton and Hareton fs forgiving her allow them to redeem their past sins and lead them to a happy life. In Great Expectations, Joe and Biddy fs forbearance for Pip fs snobbish behavior and Pip fs sincere repentance for his wrongdoing rescue Pip from his wretched life. However, as a Victorian novel, Wuthering Heights is quite different from its other contemporary novels. Love in Great Expectations is of Victorian styleÃ… ¸ gentle, soft, and permanent while love in Wuthering Heights is ferocious with engrossing passion, usually accompanied by frustration and destruction. Unlike Pip fs love for Estella which is repressed when Pip hears Estella fs marriage to Drummle, love between Catherine and Heathcliff is so overwhelming that it denies changes. Although Catheri...

A House on Fire Essay Sample

Soon I was at the topographic point. Already a big crowd of people had gathered near a large edifice which was on fire. Fires were lifting high. Peoples were running approximately confused. The calls of kids got assorted with the scream of adult females. It was truly a heart-rending scene. Soon the intelligence spread. Some male child lookouts arrived at the scene. They at one time set to work. They brought buckets of H2O from the pat nearby and threw it on the fires. Some of them brought bags of sand. I. excessively joined in the work. Person rang the fire brigade. Soon it came down the street. doing a loud noise. The sound of its bell pealing tardily at dark served as an dismay to the people of the vicinity. They all rushed to the topographic point. Many came at that place to function the panic afflicted inmates of the house. The brass-helmeted work forces of the fire brigade at one time started their work. They took out their hose pipes and directed H2O towards the fires. It was after an. hour’s difficult labor that the fire began to decease out: At last it was extinguished. The edifice now presented a ghastly visual aspect. It was all charred and in ruins. The valuable furniture and dearly-won points of the house lay scattered on the route. The lookouts formed a cordon round the things and did non allow anyone come near them. The proprietor of the house was all but a destroyed adult male. He looked really sad. His married woman. an old lady. was crying bitterly. The kids. excessively. were terror stricken. They barely knew what catastrophe had overtaken the household. The fire brigade went back. The crowd besides melted off. Soon the topographic point was every bit deserted as earlier. No one knew the cause of the fire. It was rumoured that it was all the consequence of smoke. It was estimated that belongings worth one hundred thousand had been destroyed in the fire. Fortunately there was no loss of life. I. excessively. went back place. It was past midnight. I was tired out but happy that I had been of some aid.

Developing Business Processes and Operations Essay

Developing Business Processes and Operations - Essay Example Applying tools such as fishbone diagram, workflow diagram and decision matrix, it was found that appointing an editor will be the most logical and feasible solution to level the situation. Business concept had undergone a major change in 1980s. â€Å"It was the realization by management that the business and manufacturing processes, not the people, is the key to error free performance† (Harrington, 2007). Since then, organisations have been continually striving to escalate the business processes and related operations to the level of perfection as it has been observed through the 1990s till date that â€Å"stockholders are not looking for good quality – they want perfection† (Harrington, 2007). For the purpose of this research I have chosen a start up organisation which consists of three teams each handling a distinct process. Team A performs online journalism and prepares news reports for various websites; Team B prepares international tests preparatory tools and Team C caters management solutions to retail clients. The three teams are autonomous in their functioning and have individual team leaders. A separate business development team headed by the CEO looks after networking and client development. Team wise client allocation is determined through weekly meetings as well as on ad hoc basis. The company has been enjoying considerable reputation in its sector and is also planning to diversify its operations and services in other locations as well. It is in a growth mode and is looking forward to increasing its employee base in terms of the existing units and especially a dynamic marketing department. Following implementation of this plan the workforce is expected to be doubled over a period of 9-12 months. It is also expected that the revenues will be remarkably enhanced in the next quarter. The current business scenario

Written analysis of a quantitative research report to determine the Paper

Written analysis of a quantitative report to determine the validity of the study - Research Paper Example (Choi, 2005; Gardner, 2005a; Jeffreys, 2007b). Research on stress in nursing students indicates these students experience a variety of stressors, such as fear of failure, financial issues, patient care responsibilities, and balancing school work with personal life (Jones & Johnston, 1997, 1999). Furthermore, the greater the stress experienced, the greater the negative effects it has on student learning and success (Gwele & Uys, 1998; Jones & Johnston, 1997). Conceptual model is used in forms of diargrams and scales and it is used to help us understand the subject matter. This model includes 11 teaching strategies, such as prepairing learning objectives related to communication, premitting expression of identity and cultural sharing,providing bilinguaal and bicultural opportunities, modeling the use of texts and resources, and continuous assesment. The findings of this study reflect previous literature indicating that foreign-born nursing students report issues of discrimination, stereotyping, and cultural incompetence or incongruence (Gardner, 2005b; Jeffreys, 2007a). An interpretive phenomenological design was used to examine stress experiences and perceptions of faculty support among foreign-born generic baccalaureate nursing students. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis  (IPA) is an approach to psychological  qualitative research  with an idiographic focus, which means that it aims to offer insights into how a given person, in a given context, makes sense of a given  phenomenon. Usually these phenomena relate to experiences of some personal significance - such as a major life event, or the development of an important relationship. It has its theoretical origins in  phenomenology  and  hermeneutics, and key ideas from  Husserl,  Heidegger, and  Merleau-Ponty  are often cited  . IPA is one of several approaches to qualitative, phenomenological psychology. A purposeful sample of foreign-born

Learning Plan Essay Example for Free

Learning Plan Essay The learning plan described in this paper is to have students debate a topic related to the Civil War. The debate topic is â€Å"Was the Emancipation Proclamation enacted for moral reasons or political reasons? † The main concept of this learning plan is to have students work collaboratively to research facts, and recall and use facts from the Civil War unit to incorporate into their arguments. (It should be noted that the learning plan described in this paper will take several classes to complete, however the learning plan procedures will only address the class where the debate will occur. ) It is  assumed that debate skills were taught in a previous class. The learning theory certainly incorporates constructivist aspects. They are constructing knowledge rather than absorbing it. This is constructivist approach is illustrated through the collaborative nature of the assignment, as well as through the research that students’ must produce. In terms of the use of technology and media; the students will be instructed to research one source of information, from the internet, related to their argument. They must submit a one-page analysis of the information in which they found along with a references page. This must be submitted to the teacher a week before the scheduled debate. The teacher will assess the content of the paper, but the references page will also be important. Teacher must evaluate the kinds of internet sources that the students have used. The credibility of the internet source, and the strength of student’s research will be analyzed by the teacher. The purpose is to assess student’s traditional literacy and critical analytical skills (assessed when evaluating the content), and information 1 2 LEARNING PLAN: HISTORY DEBATE CLASS literacy/interpretation skills of online material (assessed by reviewing the  reference page). Finally, the teacher will hand back papers to the students, and he/she will instruct each group to use at least two of their group members’ papers into their group’s arguments. Media and technology will also be incorporated with the use of social media. The teacher will tell students that their debates will be recorded and submitted to youtube or a private school website (if issues of privacy are raised). Others will be allowed to view the video to evaluate the strength of each team’s arguments. Based on the comments of public viewers, a winner will be chosen (by popular vote). This popular vote will be incorporated as a small percentage into the assessment. This is being done as to allow students to participate in new media opportunities within an educational context. Learning Plan Context Setting †¢The high needs school will be a High School in the Bay Area, either in San Francisco or Oakland. †¢There will be 25-30 students in an individual classroom. †¢The lesson will take place the week after the Civil War unit is finished. †¢It is anticipated that the unit will last about two weeks, therefore the debate class will occur during the third week. The actual debate class will take up one class period. †¢The content area is US History/Politics. The grade level is Juniors (11th grade). †¢In sum, the curriculum unit is 11th grade, US History/Politics, Civil War unit. 2 3 LEARNING PLAN: HISTORY DEBATE CLASS Standards †¢According to California standards for literacy in History/Social Studies in 6-12th grades. A student must be able to demonstrate analysis of primary and secondary sources, and connect these insights to the understanding of the whole text. This ability will be addressed and assessed when students must incorporate information learned from the textbook with information gained from the internet, and use both  sources of information, into their debate. The student’s ability to undertake this task will be evaluated by the teacher with the submission of student’s sources, and also during the debate. (http://www. cde. ca. gov/be/st/ss/documents/finalelaccssstandards. pdf. ) †¢ Also according to California standards, students must be able to evaluate various explanations for events and actions. This standard is illustrated in the nature of the activity. A debate, in itself, evaluates different explanations for one event, which makes it an ideal means of addressing this standard. (http://www. cde. ca.gov/be/st/ss/documents/finalelaccssstandards. pdf. ) †¢Finally, according to California standards, students must be able to evaluate differing points of view on the same historical issue. Once again, this standard is illustrated within the nature of a debate. It is also illustrated when students submit their own analysis of internet research (http://www. cde. ca. gov/be/st/ss/documents/finalelaccssstandards. pdf. ) Learning Objective 3 4 LEARNING PLAN: HISTORY DEBATE CLASS †¢Students will be able to collaboratively demonstrate their knowledge of Civil War policy, events and information, from the textbook and from  online sources, by formulating arguments to be presented within a debate. Learning Theory Applications †¢Constructivism is certainly at play in this lesson plan: †¢The activity allows knowledge to be organized into schemas, concepts, and worldviews. †¢This activity is emphasizing the use of authentic activities by constructing knowledge through interaction with the environments (internet and peers), and applying it to real-life situations (debate). †¢The collaborative component certainly illustrates constuctivism; learners will help each other create conceptual connections. †¢Finally, students are working autonomously with the help of the  teacher as facilitator, supporter, and model (Ormrod, 2006). Learning Accommodations: †¢Individualized Education Plan for Special Accomodations: In each team, all students will be assigned a role. For example, â€Å"speaker†, â€Å"writer†, â€Å"time-keeper†. A student’s IEP will be taken into consideration when assigning roles. A student with an IEP, will be assigned a role that best fits their IEP. For example, a student with ADD, may be best suited to be a time-keeper since their attention span is not as focused. They may be anxious to change the pace of the group’s discussions, and therefore they may be eager to keep track of the time. 4 5 LEARNING PLAN: HISTORY DEBATE CLASS †¢Language Development needs: When assigning the internet-based research; the teacher will give ELL students a website to navigate to, instead of having the students navigate the internet themselves. Teacher will give explicit instructions as to where to look on the website so students do not feel too overwhelmed with the English language. Teacher will ask the students to try to comprehend some of the information, however if this proves too difficult, then the teacher will ask the students to find 15-20 words from the website that the student did not understand. The student will then find the meanings of these words in their own language. They must write at least a paragraph about the Civil War unit incorporating five of the words that they found on the internet. Also, at least two of these words must be incorporated into the arguments of their team. †¢Gifted and Talented needs: This is a challenging component to consider because a gifted/talented student does not necessarily mean an academic-rigorous student. To really tailor the lesson to address the interests of a gifted/talented student, then the teacher will have to be familiar with the personality of that particular student. However, some situations will be addressed here. First of all, from the research, the lesson itself befits that of a gifted/talented student. Competition, which characterizes a debate, usually suits the nature of gifted/talented students. (http://www. teachersfirst. com/gifted_strategies. cfm) The first situation to consider is a student who is gifted/talented, but not academically 5 6 LEARNING PLAN: HISTORY DEBATE CLASS rigorous. This student will be given a leadership role within his/her team. He/she may be assigned to organize/manage all the ideas of the students. He/she is the one who will be given the rubric for what the  teacher is assessing when observing the team’s discussions and arguments. He/she is the manager, and he/she will be assessed on their ability to keep his/her team on task. In this way, this student isn’t necessarily doing more â€Å"academic† work, but he/she is being challenged in a rather difficult manner. A second situation to consider is to have a gifted/talented student who is academically rigorous. The teacher will give this student a second component to add to his/her research paper. The student must connect textbook material and internet material to the US politics of today. This is increasing the  cognitive process from analyze (which all students must do with their research papers) to evaluate (Anderson and Krathwol, 2001). The student can choose to incorporate this extra component into their team’s arguments. Resource Accommodations: †¢Low tech: There are no computers, projector, or internet access in the classroom. If this is the case, teacher may have to allocate time in different lessons to use school facilities where computers are available. Computers must be used so that the teacher can show students the kinds of websites that are credible, as well as to use sites, like youtube, to show students examples of debates. Computer use is necessary so 6 7 LEARNING PLAN: HISTORY DEBATE CLASS teacher may have to take time before or after school to meet with students (who are willing) to show them the above-mentioned websites. †¢Mid tech: One computer connected to a projector is available in the classroom. The teacher can use this computer to show examples of credible websites, as well as to show examples of debates online. †¢High tech: Class is equipped with several computers. Teams can go online themselves to view videos of debates and start research for their paper. In this way, the collaborative nature of the lesson will  start even earlier (in the pre-planning stage). Content-Based Literacy Skills †¢In terms of text-based literacy; students must incorporate information from their textbook into their arguments †¢Critical thinking, reflective thought, and text-supported thinking will be illustrated when students must draw connections between internet-based information and textbook information while doing their analysis/research paper. This connection will be evaluated when student’s cute their sources within their paper. (This explanation will also illustrate students’ information literacy. ) New Media Literacy Skills  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Performance: This skill is illustrated when students view sample debates on the internet and use this as models of performance in their own debates. 7 8 LEARNING PLAN: HISTORY DEBATE CLASS †¢Collective Intelligence: This skill is done when students are within their respective teams and they must draw upon their own and others ideas, research, and knowledge to formulate strong arguments. †¢Judgement: This skill is illustrated when students must judge which websites and information are to be included in their research/analysis paper. †¢Networking: Once again, this skill is illustrated when students must  search, connect, and analyze information on the internet for the purpose of their research/analysis paper (Jenkins, 2001). Learning Material: †¢Textbook: Learners will need textbook so that they can recall information. †¢Paper, pen: Leaners will need so that they can write down information. †¢Rubric: Both the learner and teacher needs. Learners need it so that they are aware of what’s expected of them while working in teams and formulating their arguments. Teacher needs it so that he/she can refer to it when assessing the team’s progress. †¢Notes: Learners will need them as a reference when formulating arguments. †¢Stopwatch/watch: This will be given to the student whose job is timekeeper. †¢Video Camera: Used to record the debate Learning Plan Procedures Phase I: Motivation Activity †¢Teacher will show a short clip of a very powerful, interesting debate. Possibly a presidential debate. The clip will only show the most 8 9 LEARNING PLAN: HISTORY DEBATE CLASS poignant part (according to the teacher) of the debate. Hopefully the clip will be no longer than 5 minutes long. (if there’s no computer available, then teacher must bring in her/his own computer. ) †¢In a class of 30 chair/table. There will be 15 chairs/ tables on each side  of the room. They will be facing eachother. †¢Learners will enter the classroom and sit down immediately with their team. †¢The teacher will then show the video as soon as the class is seated and quiet. †¢This activity is being done to motivate, encourage, and remind students of what a good debate looks like so that the output of the students’ debates can match skills such as speaking (clear and concise) and eye-contact of the debaters within the video. Phase II: Input (Teacher Driven) Activity: †¢During this class, the teacher will, serve only as facilitator, therefore not much activity will be driven by the teacher. However, after the video, the teacher will remind students of the rubric that was given to them, and tell students that she/he is only their to assist in the logistics of the debate (time, flow, managing emotions if this becomes a problem). The teacher will also instruct students to take notes on each other’s arguments because this assignment will be important for their homework assignment. She/he will also remind student that they will be recorded. †¢Teacher will tell all students to take out their rubrics. †¢She/He will go over some key point from the rubric as it relates to the debate. 9 10 LEARNING PLAN: HISTORY DEBATE CLASS. †¢The teacher will tell students to make sure that they keep these key points in mind because these points will be assessed during the debate. †¢The teacher will instruct students to have their rubrics out for the entire class so they can monitor their team’s progress by themselves. †¢Teacher will formally go over key questions from the rubric that he/she hopes the teams have incorporated into the nature of the debate (clear speech, eye contact, concise points, respectful behavior) as well as into the content of the debate. In term of the nature of the debate, questions might look like â€Å"Is my team being quiet/respectful as the  other team presents their arguments? †, â€Å"Are my responses to the other’s teams arguments not insulting? † etc. In terms of the content of the debate, questions may look like, â€Å"Did my team incorporate facts from the textbook? †, â€Å"Did my team use at least two credible internet sources within the argument? †, â€Å"Did my team follow special instructions assigned by the teacher (e. g. incorporating ideas from IEP students, ELL student, gifted students)?. † †¢This activity and these questions serve to remind students of the importance of the collaborative nature of the learning objective. They  also serve to remind students that they must be able to demonstrate their understanding of the Civil War unit, as well as their understanding of outside sources within the context of an argument. Phase III: Output (Learner Driven) Activity 10 11 LEARNING PLAN: HISTORY DEBATE CLASS †¢Students will take part in a debate. The topic is â€Å"Was the Emancipation Proclamation enacted for moral reasons or political reasons? † This activity will illustrate the learning objective in several ways. First, the collaborative nature of the previous classes will finally be demonstrated. Second, the students must illustrate their knowledge of  Civil War policies within their arguments. Third, both sides’ arguments must include information from outside sources. †¢The teacher will select one team to present their arguments first. †¢Recording will begin †¢The speaker of that team will stand up and come to the front of the class. They will present their team’s argument. In the argument they must mention the sources in which they got their information. For example, if they got a particular piece of data from the textbook, then they must state â€Å"As is presented in the textbook†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . If they got a particular piece of data from the internet then they must state, â€Å"As is  presented on so-called website, or by so-called author†¦Ã¢â‚¬  They must also explicitly state how they used the â€Å"special instructions† from the teacher. For example, â€Å"(ELL’s student’s name) found that ‘compromise’ was not a possible solution of the Civil War. † In this example, it is assumed that compromise was on a list of words that an ELL student did not understand. He/she presented these list of words to his/her team. The team reviewed the list, and chose to use the word compromise as part of their argument. †¢The student will finish the presentation of his/her argument. 11 12 LEARNING PLAN: HISTORY DEBATE CLASS. †¢The teacher will tell the next team to present its argument. The team will follow the same procedure as above. †¢The teacher will then stop recording of the debate. †¢This debate will naturally lead to questions, comments from both the teacher and the students. Phase IV: Culmination †¢The teacher will ask the groups to clear up any misunderstandings or misinformation the teams may have had within their argument. This is to give other team members a chance to speak about the argument, which reinforces the collaborative effort of the lesson. †¢The teacher will also ask students how their team’s or the other team’s  information and debate skills differed and how these things were similar to the debate presented in the beginning of the class. †¢As a smaller activity, the teacher will instruct all the students to come up with one question, comment, critique of the other team’s argument. This assignment will illustrate each student’s understanding of the Civil War Unit because it challenges students to relate, connect, or counter-argue their own knowledge of the unit. This question will be submitted to the teacher. Phase V: Extension †¢For homework, students will write a one-page analysis of the opposing teams arguments. The student will address the opposing side’s arguments. He/she will evaluate the argument’s weaknesses, strengths; and why he/she disagreed or agreed with the points that were made. 12 13 LEARNING PLAN: HISTORY DEBATE CLASS Learning Plan Analysis Formative assessments will include analyzing the collaborative efforts of the team, the behavior of each team during the presentation of the opposing team’s arguments, how well each team member took on their role within their team, and how well the team incorporated textbook information, outside information, and ‘†special instructions† from the teacher into their  argument. A summative assessment will include the teacher’s evaluation of the internet analysis/research paper, the one-page analysis of opposing team’s argument, teacher’s evaluations of the strength of the arguments, and finally the â€Å"popular vote† (the results of youtube or school-based website). Weaknesses of this lesson plan include time constraints, and the many assessments involved. It may be difficult to accurately assess how well each team members took on their roles. Some students may still be taking on more work than others. Also, incorporating ELL/IEP students proved to be a difficult task.. Strength of the lesson is it fosters team work, analytical skills, and gives students more power in the direction and implementation of a lesson. The teacher will implement these varied assessments in its first year, and then will evaluate the effectiveness of these assessments for future classes. The learning theories applied in the first phase was Vygotzky’s Cognitive Process. Students are witnessing two adults debating and they are expected to try to learn/imitate the behaviors of those adults. In the second 13 14 LEARNING PLAN: HISTORY DEBATE CLASS phase, social cognitive theory is at play. The teacher both models desired behaviors/outcomes, as well as emphasizes self-efficacy and self-regulation. In the third phase, constructivism is illustrated. The debate is student-driven because the students are demonstrating their constructed knowledge within the debate. The assessments have a behaviorist component. Negative reinforcement (decrease a behavior) is illustrated when the teacher warns students that if they are not respectful or a team member does not contribute meaningfully, then they may be marked down (Ormrod, 2008). References Anderson, L. W. , Krathwol, D. R. (2001) . A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing, 28-31. California Department of Education. (2013) California Common Core State Standards. http://www. cde. ca. gov/be/st/ss/documents/finalelaccssstandards. pdf Jenkins, H. , Clinton, K. , Purushotma, R. , Robison, A. J. , and Weigel, M. (2006). â€Å"Confronting the Challenges of Participatory Culture: Media Education for the 21st Century. † Chicago, IL: MacArthur Foundation. Ormrod, J. E. (2008). Educational Psychology Developing Learners, 8. 25-36. Teachers First. (2014) http://www. teachersfirst. com/gifted_strategies. cfm 14 15 LEARNING PLAN: HISTORY DEBATE CLASS.

Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen Essays -- marriage, women, twenty-f

Nineteenth Century Marriage From A Twenty-First Century Perspective In society today, some women may not even consider marrying. According to â€Å"The State of Our Unions,† there has been a decline in the marriage rate of over 50% from 1970-2010. However, during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, marriage was often one of the few choices for a woman’s occupation. Reading Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen from the twenty-first century perspective might make some matters that are stressed in the book seem dated or trivial. As Pride and Prejudice was set sometime during the Napoleonic Wars, it is only fitting that finding a proper marriage is on the minds of many of the women in the book. Marriage and marrying off one’s daughters is a dominant theme throughout, with Mrs. Bennet going through the trials of getting her daughters married. Different views of marriage are presented throughout Pride and Prejudice, demonstrated by the characters, their behaviors and their situations. Charlotte Lucas marries for social reasons; Eli zabeth Bennet searches for love and respect in her marriage; and the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Bennet shows the dangers of marrying for attraction alone. The attitudes of these individuals towards marriage as well as others reactions to the different marriages show that the best marriages emerge from a mutual love and respect. The marriage of Charlotte Lucas and Mr. Collins provides an example of typical reasoning for a marriage for the time period of the book. Charlotte is well past the marrying age of that time, as she is 27 years old (Austen 14) and while not unattractive, Gerigk 2 very ordinary looking (Austen 112). Even though the chances of her marrying were low, Charlotte’s object was still to marry... ...though she was not in love, proving that different unions can suit different people and situations. Marriages that come from trust, love, and respect, such as Elizabeth and Darcy’s marriage, lead to happiness, and therefore, have the best outcomes. Austen shows that balancing prudence and passion can lead to the ideal union. Even though women have more choices today, some still feel defined by whether or not they do marry and who they marry. Although it was written in the nineteenth century, Austen’s portrayal of relationships and marriages can still be relevant today. Gerigk 5 Works Cited 1. Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice with Connections. Austin: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2001. Print. 2. Wilcox, Bradford, W. Stateofourunions.org. Rep. University of Virginia, 2011. Web. 22 Mar. 2014.

Nikita Khrushchev Nikita

Khrushchev was a self-made man, even with his unfortunate and harsh upbringing he still managed to make a name for himself. He became one of the most powerful and influential leaders In Russia, simultaneously holding the offices of Premier of the U. S. S. R. And First Secretary of the Communist Party. Strong willed, and committed, Nikkei Khrushchev fought for what he believed in and striver to make his country, Russia, a better place. Nikolas Khrushchev was born In a southern Russian village of Slovakia on April 5th 1894 .He was born into a poor family as a result he had to help his father take care of the family at the tender age of fifteen . Ata young age he learned how to work hard and fend for himself, which is one of the reason he was such a strong leader, people could relate to him more than the upper and middle class politicians. He was then drafted Into the Czarist army during World War I and soon after willingly Joined the communist party and the Russian Red army stood agai nst the white army , people who favored the Czar Nobility.He got the education he needed as an adult so he could be appointed secretary of the communist party Committee. As he rose to power, he never used it to manipulate or harm his people unlike his successor Joseph Stalin. He believed his only Job, as a leader was to make his people happy and restore the lost honor of Russia. He wanted Russia to be Just as advanced as Its rival country; united States. He launched programs to promote agriculture, heavy Industrial and military production.HIS plan for agriculture had a huge Impact n soviet life, since new tractors and machinery were to be built it created more jobs, which boosted the Russian economy. It also increased the amount of crops produced during harvest; by almost triple the amount of crops . One of his main policies was peaceful coexistence; it assumes a readiness to solve all outstanding issues without resorting to force by means of negotiation and reasonable compromises. For example, he openly did not agree with capitalist but he still believed underlying Issues could be worked out without war.He didn't believe In forcing his Ideas on people and that people should believe what they wanted to without being penalized, it was almost like a democracy. Although he did many good things for his country, many historians disagree that Nikkei benefited Russia (Soviet Union) at all. In Fact some wonder if events such as the Berlin Scrolls would have happened If someone else ruled the Soviet union. The Berlin Mà ªlà ©es crisis was a huge misunderstanding. All countries were taking precautions. The U.S installed several missiles sites all over Europe and one appended to be in range to strike Moscow, the Capital of the Soviet union. As a precaution the soviets put missiles in Cuba that could strike almost any portion of the U. S . Any leader would have reacted this way but his funding of the missile development at the expense of naval and regular forces had ali enated the military. They say he failed to revive soviet agriculture because the steps taken to achieve his peace, he should have known that the capitalists would not succumb to his policies without a little force.In order for his policies to succeed he would need the full or charity support of his people. In contrast I don't think he failed, the agriculture industry boomed, and the economy skyrocketed because he created more Jobs. He also made his country more technologically advanced than any other ruler could. For example, tractors, missiles etcetera. Even though historians say he cause havoc, I don't think he should be blamed for the Berlin crisis, soviet-U. S antagonism would largely have remained and the world would still have been trapped in a cold war.

Storm Born Chapter Six

I turned the light back on. â€Å"Hey, Volusian, how's it going?† He stepped forward, blinking with annoyance at the light, just as I'd known he would. He was shorter than me, very solid and humanoid in shape, which indicated a fair amount of power. He had smooth, almost shiny black skin and those narrow red eyes that always unnerved me a little. His ears had a slight point to them. â€Å"I am the same as always, mistress.† â€Å"You know, you never ask how I am. That hurts.† He answered my lazy smile with a long-suffering scowl. â€Å"That is because you are also always the same. You smell of life and blood and sex. And violets. You are a painful reminder of all the things I once was and all the things I will never be again.† He paused thoughtfully. â€Å"Actually, the scent of sex is stronger than usual. My mistress has been†¦busy.† â€Å"Did you just make a joke?† I said this partially to deflect the sex issue but also to keep teasing him. Volusian was about as damned as a soul could be. I didn't know what he'd done when alive, but it had been evil enough that someone had cursed him from ever entering the world of the dead. His soul would never find any peace. So he had haunted my world and the Otherworld until I'd discovered him tormenting a suburban family. He was so powerful, as was his curse, that I had not been strong enough to destroy him and send him on. The best I could have done was cast him to the Otherworld, but I had no guarantees he wouldn't return. So I'd done the next best thing I could: I'd enslaved him. He was bound to me until I released him or lost control. This way, I dictated his actions. I usually kept him in the Otherworld until I needed him. Teasing him was a way to project confidence in my control, like I wasn't worried at all. I couldn't show any weakness with him. He had made it perfectly clear a number of times that he would kill me horrifically if he ever broke free. He didn't respond to my last comment. He simply stared. He was only obligated to answer direct questions. â€Å"I need some advice.† â€Å"I do as my mistress commands.† There was an implied until I can choke the breath from her body at the end of that seemingly subservient statement. â€Å"I'm going to be crossing over into the Otherworld soon. Physically.† That almost surprised him. Almost. â€Å"My mistress is foolish.† â€Å"Thanks. I have to find a human girl that some horny gentry abducted.† He reconsidered. â€Å"My mistress is brave and foolish.† â€Å"She was taken by a guy named Aeson. Do you know him?† â€Å"He is king of the Alder Land. Powerful. Very powerful.† â€Å"Stronger than me?† Volusian stayed silent, thinking. â€Å"Your powers do not diminish in the Otherworld, as some humans' do. Even so, he will still be at his full strength. It would be a close battle. Were you to fight him in this world, there would be no contest. He would be weaker by far.† â€Å"I don't think I can manage that. What about you guys? I'm going to bring you along. Will it help?† â€Å"I feared my mistress would say that. Yes, of course it will help. You know my binds force me to protect you, no matter how much angst it causes me.† â€Å"Aw, don't sound so glum. Think of it as job security.† â€Å"Make no mistake, mistress. I may protect you now, but as soon as I have the chance, I will rip the flesh from your body and tear your bones apart. I will ensure you suffer so gravely that you will beg me for death. Yet, even then, your soul will not find relief. I will torture it for all eternity.† He spoke in a flat tone, not as a threat, but simply as a statement of fact. Honestly, after my week of propositions, statements about my impending death were kind of a refreshing return to normality. â€Å"Looking forward to it, Volusian.† I yawned and sat on the bed. â€Å"Anything else constructive you've got to offer? In rescuing the girl, I mean.† â€Å"I suspect my mistress is too†¦set in her ways for my advice, but you could solicit help.† â€Å"Solicit it from whom? I don't have anyone else to go to.† â€Å"Not in this world you don't.† It took me a moment to get what he was saying. â€Å"No. No way. I'm not going to some gentry or spirit for help. Not like they'd give it anyway.† â€Å"I would not be so certain of that, mistress.† Gentry were petty and dishonest. They had no regard for anyone but themselves. No way would I appeal to one. No way would I trust one. Volusian watched me. When he saw I would not respond, he said: â€Å"It is as I thought. My mistress will not hear anything she doesn't want to. She is too stubborn.† â€Å"No, I'm not. I'm always open to things.† â€Å"As you say, mistress.† The look on his face somehow managed to be angelic and scream you fucking hypocrite all at the same time. â€Å"All right,† I said impatiently, â€Å"let's hear it.† â€Å"There is another king, Dorian, who rules the Oak Land. He and Aeson hate each other – in a polite-faced, political manner, of course.† â€Å"No surprise there. I'm surprised they aren't all turning on each other. That doesn't mean he'd help me.† â€Å"I believe Dorian would be very happy to see someone come and kill off Aeson. Especially if he did not have to actually do it himself. He might offer a great deal of assistance to see you do it.† â€Å"‘Might' being the operative word. So you're suggesting I just show up at his door and ask for help?† Volusian inclined his head in the affirmative. â€Å"Have I ever killed or cast out any of his people?† â€Å"Likely.† â€Å"Then I think it's ‘likely' he'd kill me the moment I set foot on his land. I can't imagine any gentry's keen on letting their biggest assassin in the door.† I wasn't touting ego in that statement. Much like Volusian's death threats, I simply stated a fact. I knew my own worth and reputation as far as the Otherworld was concerned. I mean, it wasn't like I was reaching genocide levels or anything; I just had more notches on my belt than most. â€Å"Dorian has†¦an odd sense of humor. It might amuse him to welcome an enemy like you. He would enjoy the sensation it would cause among others.† â€Å"So he uses me for entertainment and then kills me.† I couldn't believe Volusian was even suggesting a plan like this. He hated me, but he also knew me. If he hadn't had such a stick up his ass, I would have sworn he was messing with me. Yet, his bindings forced him to sincerely give the best of his counsel if I asked it. â€Å"If he gives you his word of hospitality, he is honor-bound to keep you safe.† â€Å"Since when do gentry keep their word? Or have honor?† Volusian regarded me carefully. â€Å"May I speak bluntly, mistress?† â€Å"As opposed to usual?† â€Å"Your hatred of the gentry blinds you to their true nature. You are also blind to the only thing that might let you escape this mad scheme alive – not that I would mind if you were torn to bloody shreds by Aeson's people. But whatever else you believe, one of the gentry will stake his life on his word. They keep their oaths better than humans.† I honestly didn't believe that. No matter how much I might need help with this, it wasn't worth it. I would not make a deal with the devil. â€Å"No. I won't do it.† Volusian gave a small shrug. â€Å"As my mistress wishes. It makes no difference if you speed your own death. I cannot die, after all.† I stared at him in exasperation. He stared back. Shaking my head, I stood up for another summoning. â€Å"Okay, if that's all, I'm gonna call the rest of the gang.† He hesitated. â€Å"May I†¦ask my mistress a question first?† I turned in surprise. Volusian was the epitome of don't-speak-until-spoken-to. He only answered what was asked of him. He did not seek out other information. This was new. Wow. What a week of earth-shattering events. â€Å"Sure, go ahead.† â€Å"You do not trust me.† â€Å"That's not a question, but no, I don't.† â€Å"Yet†¦you came to me for advice first. Before you spoke to the others. Why?† It was a good question. I was about to summon two other minions. I didn't trust them either, but they had more reason to show loyalty than Volusian. They did not describe my graphic death on a regular basis. â€Å"Because no matter what else you may be, you're smarter than they are.† I could have elaborated on that, but I didn't. That was really all there was to it. He thought about this for a long time. â€Å"My mistress is less foolish than she normally appears.† I think it was the closest he could come to thanking me for a compliment – or giving one. I took out the wand and summoned my other two spirits. I didn't bother with candles or darkness because these ones were easier to call – especially since I was technically only â€Å"requesting† one to come, not ordering him. The coldness and pressure came again, and then two other forms appeared. Volusian stepped back, arms crossed, not looking impressed. The two newcomers glanced around, taking note that I had gathered all of them. The three of them never interacted much in my viewing, but I always wondered if maybe they hung out for coffee or something in the Otherworld and made fun of me. Kind of like how people make fun of their boss after work during happy hour. Still affecting unconcerned, lazy control, I unwrapped a Milky Way and sat back on my bed again. Leaning against the wall, I surveyed my team. Nandi was less powerful than Volusian, so she had a less substantial form in this world. She appeared as a translucent, opalescent figure that seemed vaguely female in shape. Centuries ago, she had been a Zulu woman accused of witchcraft by her people. They had killed her and, like Volusian, cursed her from finding rest. Unlike Volusian's, I could break this curse and send her on to the land of death. I had encountered her haunting this world, more frightening than harmful, and bound her in service to me in exchange for eventual peace. I had demanded three years of loyalty, one of which she had fulfilled. When the other two were up, I would let her pass on. Whereas Volusian always seemed sullen and sarcastic, Nandi was always sad. She was the poster child for a lost soul. A real downer. Finn, however, was a different story. Of the three, only he looked happy to be here. He too was not powerful enough to have a solid form. He translated to this plane as small and glittering, barely there, much like how humans perceived Disney-type pixies. I had no claims on Finn. He had started hanging around because he found me entertaining. So he popped up from time to time, followed me, and would generally come when called. I had the power to force his service, but – even as much as I disliked all things from the Otherworld – I was hard-pressed to do so without provocation. I didn't entirely trust anyone who offered help so freely, but he had never given me reason to doubt him either. Indeed, he'd always been very helpful. I had no idea what his story was, if he too was a cursed spirit. I'd never pressed for the details. His shining body settled upon my dresser. â€Å"Hey, Odile, what's new? Why do you smell like sex? Did you get some? Why are we all here?† Too much exposure to my world and television had given him a better grasp of our slang than the others. I ignored the questions. â€Å"Hey, Finn, hey, Nandi.† The female spirit merely nodded in acknowledgment of the greeting. â€Å"So,† I said in my best boardroom voice, â€Å"I'm sure you're all wondering why I called you here today.† None of them found that funny, so I just kept going. â€Å"Well, brace yourselves: I'm going to be paying you guys a visit. In the flesh. The real deal.† Nandi showed no reaction whatsoever. Finn leapt up in excitement. â€Å"Really? Truly? When? Now?† Nice to know someone appreciated me. I debriefed them, telling them the story. Volusian leaned against my wall, letting his body language convey to me what an utter waste of his time it was to have to hear this all again. Finn's enthusiasm diminished a little. â€Å"Oh. Well. That's ballsy but also kind of†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Foolish,† said Nandi in her typically gloomy monotone. â€Å"It will end in despair. Dark, bitter despair. You will die, and I will never know peace. My suffering will be without end.† â€Å"Never thought I'd hear you two agree with Volusian.† Finn shrugged. â€Å"It is a good cause, honest. But you can't really just walk into Aeson's castle and take the girl. Not that I'm saying you aren't tough enough or anything. You'll just need a plan. A really good one. Yeah. What's your plan?† â€Å"Um, well†¦to walk into his castle and take the girl.† Volusian sighed loudly. It was hard to tell with those red slits, but I think he rolled his eyes. I shot him an angry glance. â€Å"Hey, it's a hell of a lot better than your plan. Would you like to share it with the rest of the class?† He did. When he finished, Finn said, â€Å"Now, that's a good plan.† I threw my hands up. â€Å"No, it's not. It's a horrible plan. I'm not asking one of the gentry for help.† â€Å"King Dorian might help you,† offered Nandi, â€Å"although his help would most likely only offer a brief flaring of hope, which would then make our ultimate defeat that much more tragic.† â€Å"Stop with the maudlin crap, Nandi.† I wished they made ghost Prozac. â€Å"Anyway, it's a moot point. We're taking on Aeson directly. End of discussion.† I gave them the time and location of our meeting spot, binding them to silence about the plan. I had to take it on faith that Finn wouldn't let the cat out of the bag, but once he'd reconciled himself to my possible demise, he seemed pretty stoked about the whole idea. â€Å"I have one more question for all of you before I release you. In the last week, three denizens from the Otherworld knew my name. What's going on? How many of them know who I am?† None of the spirits answered right away. Finally, in a voice that sounded like he couldn't believe I was asking, Finn said, â€Å"Why, everyone. Well, almost everyone. Everyone that counts. It's all they've been talking about for the last couple of weeks. Odile Dark Swan is Eugenie Markham. Eugenie is Odile.† I stared. â€Å"Everyone's been talking about this?† The three spirits nodded. â€Å"And none of you – none of you! – thought this was worth bringing to my attention?† More silence. Finally Nandi, compelled to answer any direct question, merely said, â€Å"You did not ask, mistress.† â€Å"Yes,† agreed Volusian dryly. â€Å"Had you summoned us and asked, ‘Is my name known in the Otherworld?' then we would have readily answered.† â€Å"Smartass.† â€Å"Thank you, mistress.† â€Å"It wasn't a compliment.† I ran a hand through my hair. â€Å"How did this happen?† â€Å"Maybe someone guessed,† said Finn. Volusian cut him a glance. â€Å"Do not be an even bigger fool than you already are.† The dark spirit turned back to me. â€Å"Not all creatures come to this world to fight you. Some may have spied. For someone quiet, discovering your identity would not have been so difficult.† â€Å"What are they saying, then? Are they all going to try to kill me?† â€Å"Some are,† said Finn. â€Å"But most of them are weak. You could probably take them in a fight.† â€Å"Unfortunately,† added Volusian. Great. This was not good news. Some part of me had been hoping only a few knew, but now it seemed my identity was the gossip du jour in the Otherworld. I wondered if it would be worthwhile to find a local witch and set wards around my house. I could also keep the spirits on permanent guard duty, but I didn't really know if my patience was up for large doses of their idiosyncrasies. â€Å"All right, then. Get out of here. Come back at the time we set up. Oh, and if any of you hear anything that might be useful about Aeson and the girl, come tell me. Do not wait until I explicitly ask you.† Those last words were a growl. Finn vanished instantly, but Nandi and Volusian watched me expectantly. I sighed. â€Å"By flesh and spirit, I release you from service until next I call. Depart to the next world in peace and do not return until my summons.† The spirits faded into nothing, and I was left alone.