San Francisco: The City that Never Sleeps

Everyone knows the familiar axiom that ‘you never truly know an individual until you live with them'. All things considered, this likewise applies to visiting different nations, since I have consistently had a thought in my mind about what sort of city San Francisco would be. I have seen different pictures in occasion leaflets of the Golden Gate Bridge, Fisherman's Wharf and obviously, the renowned Powell and Mason line Cable Cars. Not exclusively is the city about the well known milestones and locales everyone has known about, to me it was about a ton more and I don't imagine that anyone really knows a spot until they have lived in the core of it for over about fourteen days. Remorsefully, I just went through about fourteen days in the city, and I felt as if there was still bounty I needed to find out about it. Individuals consistently appear to connect the province of California with a lot of daylight, scarcely any downpour and by and large being a warm if not hot atmosphere. I was the same. Along these lines, when I ventured off of the plane and felt a virus impact of wind as I strolled through the graciousness burrow, I was genuinely stunned. I didn't hope to feel the cold while I was in California, yet that was only the start of surprising what might be on the horizon. Believe it or not I ought to have started my movements with a receptive outlook, however I thought I comprehended what San Francisco would resemble and through flaw of my own I didn't expect whatever else. I had visited the United States on three separate events before I chose to set out on San Francisco and I had never really ventured out toward the western bank of America so this was new region for me. There should be an away from between the East and West shorelines of America and along these lines knowing this, it was dependent upon me to recognize what these variables were. The way that I had been to the nation before surely helped me a great deal, particularly at the air terminal. Numerous guests from Europe who have not visited the United States previously, would be frightened at the measure of inquiries security pose while getting their identification stepped. This equitable demonstrates that the American's don't simply give anyone access to their nation and they must be sure that each and every individual who lacks a visa to live and work in the nation has visited for recreational purposes as it were. I realize that security has been ventured up since the assaults on September eleventh, yet when the identification control official asked me, ‘Why would you say you are visiting the USA? , ‘How long will you remain? ‘, and ‘Have you visited previously? ‘, it caused me to feel like a criminal for being in their nation. At the time I had an inclination that I had been grilled for reasons unknown, yet thinking back on it, I see that it was distinctly for my expanded security while I was visiting that they needed to pose those inquiries and they asked everyone. As far as I can recall, I have consistently thought it was just the English that continually discussed the climate. I was not hoping to find out about it relentless while I was in San Francisco. Be that as it may, I before long discovered the purpose for it; I was really visiting the city in the most sweltering weeks it had ever observed, I was unable to accept my amazing good fortune. The virus impact of air I had felt while venturing off of the plane more likely than not been the cooling, I inhaled a major moan of help as I understood that the California I had been longing for might really turn into a reality. I had set up for a young lodging for the initial three evenings of my remain and having never remained in one I truly had no clue about what it would resemble. When I understood the taxi had pulled up outside the inn, I started to stress. It looked not at all like the photos I had seen on the web, it was arranged in a forsaken road and a man was perched on the means outside with a cigarette hanging out of his mouth. I sincerely would have utilized all my going through cash to remain in a decent inn for the remainder of the outing on the off chance that it had implied that I didn't need to remain in the lodging. Nonetheless, I was convinced to check out it for one night and I was allowed to choose what to do after that. Quick to escape the inn I took a stroll on that first night to get a thought of how far we were from all the spots I needed to visit. Sadly, it appeared that no one took strolls in the city, particularly not around evening time in any case. We were not avoiding Market Street, which is the central avenue in the city and it actually ranges from one finish of the city to the next and in the long run finishes at the Ferry Building close to the Bay Bridge. Having found out about Market Street while doing my exploration, I was happy I was remaining inside strolling separation, since that is where you can get the trolleys and the BART (Bay Area Rapid Transport), which is the equal to the London Underground. Realizing that I was inside strolling separation of all the significant vehicle joins caused me to feel better and I concluded that the following day I would take the Cable Car to Fisherman's Wharf and see what that brought to the table. The Cable Cars are the main vehicles of their sort still in activity and are viewed as National Landmarks. Going on a Cable Car was at the highest priority on my rundown of things to see and do while I was visiting San Francisco, along these lines it must be one of the main things I did. Seeing the city the following day, when the sun was radiating and more individuals were strolling the avenues had a significant effect. I just couldn't accept what number of vagrants there were in the city however, with the entirety of their common belongings pressed into a shopping streetcar they meandered all over market road asking for cash. Contrasted with London and New York, I couldn't help suspecting that San Francisco had a difficult issue with the measure of vagrants living on the city's boulevards. It was not until the finish of my outing that I discovered, that the board of San Francisco really gives every single enlisted vagrant 400 dollars per month, with the goal that they can manage the cost of safe house and food. Albeit, barely any of the cash the city gives them is really spent of safe house and food, it goes on liquor and medications, which isn't helping anyone. There has been turmoil from people in general about the circumstance and there have been numerous petitions to prevent the board from giving the destitute any more cash. I before long started to understand that despite the fact that I was in California, I was still in a city and all city's have their acceptable parts and their awful parts, significantly more so the vacation spots and the lived in regions. By then I was prepared to be a traveler with the remainder of them, so I made a beeline for Powell Street for a ride on one of the celebrated Cable Cars. It was an excellent day so I sat on an outside seat and I didn't need to battle for it and I before long acknowledged why. I was unable to accept how steep the slopes really were, at one point we were so high up that I could see Alcatraz Island right at the base and the red links of the Golden Gate Bridge simply transcending the structures out yonder. As the Cable Car dropped down the slope, it went at a genuinely fast and I unquestionably felt the breeze as it blew against us. The driver called attention to well known locales en route, for example, Chinatown on the correct hand side, the celebrated Lombard Street as highlighted in numerous films and afterward at long last we went to our goal that was Fisherman's Wharf. Worked in 1900, Fisherman's Wharf is the most mainstream vacation spot in San Francisco. I was not baffled at all when I at long last showed up. I think the smell of crab and other fish amuses most likely hit me before I had really arrived at the Wharf, however that was simply part of the involvement with being there. Angler's Wharf was hurling with travelers, it was a curiously hot day and it appeared just as everyone had a similar thought. I had not anticipated that the spot should be so huge; there were such a significant number of various docks I was not exactly sure which one to visit first. Notwithstanding, it was before long concluded that we should visit the San Francisco historical center at Pier 45, which was additionally home to the US submarine USS Pampanito. The exhibition hall was no common gallery, since it was made out to resemble an old Victorian arcade. It was packed loaded with old wooden machines that worked if a quarter was dropped in and once the cash had been gathered the machines would become animated, considering the age of the contraptions it was very astonishing that they despite everything worked. Sadly the outing around the USS Pampanito was not planned for that specific day so we at that point made a beeline for Pier 39. This was an altogether present day region of Fisherman's Wharf and to me it appeared as though it had just been planned considering visitors. As indicated by the manual, Pier 39 is San Francisco's main fascination and I can really observe why the book would state this, since it positively has a ton to offer to keep the two grown-ups and kids engaged. There were the standard boutiques and memorabilia stores and obviously no American city would be finished without a well known Hard Rock Cafi, yet the one thing that could have kept me engaged for quite a long time was practically around the bend. I was unable to accept my eyes when everything I could see there in the water directly before me was more than one hundred ocean lions sunbathing on coasting pontoons. It resembled nothing I had ever observed previously, not even Sea World could rival the ocean lions at Pier 39. It appeared to be incredible that only a couple of hours past and not so much as 5 miles away I had been frightened by the measure of vagrants and road homeless people, yet there I was gazing at more than one hundred ocean lions housed inside a little harbor and I didn't know what shocked me the most. Being Saint Patrick' day the following day, I set myself up for a difficult day. I had heard on the grapevine that the American's affection to celebrate on Saint Patrick's Day and I was sure that this one would not be any unique. I imagine that the American individuals are extremely liberal with regards to culture, race and sexuality, however I found significantly more so in San Francisco. There are such a significant number of various societies w

Pervapertion Overview Free Essays

Layer selectivity : what experiences and what gets dismissed 2. Transition: Denote the measure of yield (estimated according to layer zone , thickness and time). What will impact the presentation? Feed temperature: Refers to temperature of the feed stock or some other agent among feed and retentate streams. We will compose a custom paper test on Pervapertion Overview or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now Film thickness: Refers to dry thickness. 3. Active distance across: measurement of pore expected to let a particular particle pass Execution Parameters †Selectivity 0 Membrane selectivity permits us to pick certain particles to go through the film 0 Improved layer selectivity will expand retention rates 0 progressively productive and conceivable cost decrease 0 This can be accomplished by better comprehension of the material chose for the film Impact of Feed Temperature on Flux 0 Feed Temperature 0 Molecules development increments exponentially with temperature 0 improve transition rate Impact of Membrane Thickness on Flux The more slender the layer, the quicker Influencing Parameters †Kinetic Diameter (1) Dynamic distance across can be comprehended as the width of a pore expected to let that particular particle pass Source: Fundamentals and utilizations of pervaporation through Zeolite films, 2004 Influencing Parameters †Kinetic Diameter (2) Key Cost Components For Pervaporation The working expense of pervaporation is vigorously dependent on the expense of creating heat and the expense of the layer utilized Current pattern: diminishing warming expense and diminishing layer cost Source: http://www. scielo. organization. ar/scielo. php? Diminishing Trend in Membrane Cost from 1989 to 2000 Reasons of diminishing film cost: . Film surface territory per module increment 0 lesser layer modules to create a similar measure of yield 2. Layer large scale manufacturing 0 creation cost decline 3. Increasingly smaller module 0 cost investment funds in common works diagram of UF innovation today, Desalination 131 (2000) 17-25 Similar Decreasing Trend in Membrane Cost from 1970 to 2010 Source: American Membrane Technology Association (AMTA), wrww. amtaorg. com Improvement in cost of warmth age - Cost of Conserved Energy (CCE) sums up yearly expenses related with sparing a GJ (roughly 0. 95 MBtu) of vitality with a specific measure. Table shows that vitality productive estimates lead to vitality reserve funds that have short compensation periods from quick to 2. 7 years. - Industry is looking towards decreasing expense of warmth age Improvements in film 1) Membrane readiness techniques 0 additional strategies are created to get ready layers with various structures for various application 0 Phase division strategy created in 1960 0 Scanning Electron Microscope opened up in 1960 0 aided in the itemized investigation of the film structure 2) Membrane specific layer is getting more slender more than 30 years 0. 2 †0. 4 pm Step by step instructions to refer to Pervapertion Overview, Papers

Overview of Classifications of Bipolar Disorder

Overview of Classifications of Bipolar Disorder Bipolar Disorder Print Why Are There so Many Classifications of Bipolar Disorder? By Marcia Purse Marcia Purse is a mental health writer and bipolar disorder advocate who brings strong research skills and personal experiences to her writing. Learn about our editorial policy Marcia Purse Updated on July 20, 2017 Bipolar Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Your Rights Tom Merton / Getty Images When evaluating symptoms and giving names to bipolar disorderâ€"also called manic depressionâ€"and bipolar disorders many subsets, there are no absolutes. In their book, We Heard the Angels of Madness, authors Diane and Lisa Berger describe bipolar disorder as a virulent disorder with many faces and liken it to the multi-headed Hydra of Greek mythology. Just as the Hydra sprouted several new heads for each one slain, researchers and clinicians find that for each new fact learned about bipolar disorder, more questions are raised. Symptoms are different from one person to the next. The severity of symptoms also differs. Facets of personalities combine to create additional faces of the monster. Thus, researchers, clinicians, and practitioners face a wide array of challenges in order to codify each diagnosis. In response, classification systems, subsets, and specifiers have been developed in an attempt to standardize the diagnostic process. In the United States, the primary system is the one found in The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders also known as the DSM-IV. This classification system organizes the mood disorders under the heading of Clinical Disorders (Axis I). DSM-IV Listing - Mood Disorders Depressive DisordersDysthymic DisorderMajor Depressive DisorderBipolar DisordersBipolar Disorder IBipolar Disorder IICyclothymic DisorderMood Disorder Due to a General Medical ConditionSubstance-Induced Mood Disorder To each of the above disorders, any of a number of specifiers (e.g., with seasonal pattern, with catatonic features, first episode manic, etc.) can be added to clarify the severity or course of the disorder for an individual patient. The International system is the ICD-10, The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, tenth revision. The ICD-10 provides a structure of families or related disorders and breaks them down initially into many more categories than does the DSM-IV. Bipolar disorder is within the family of mood (affective) disorders. ICD-10 Listing - Mood Disorders Manic EpisodeHypomaniaMania without psychotic symptomsMania with psychotic symptomsOther manic episodesManic episode, unspecifiedBipolar Affective DisorderCurrent episode hypomanicCurrent episode manic without psychotic symptomsCurrent episode manic with psychotic symptomsCurrent episode mild or moderate depressionCurrent episode severe depression without psychotic symptomsCurrent episode severe depression with psychotic symptomsCurrent episode mixedCurrently in remissionOther bipolar affective disordersBipolar affective disorder, unspecifiedDepressive EpisodeMild depressive episodeModerate depressive episodeSevere depressive episode without psychotic symptomsSevere depressive episode with psychotic symptomsOther depressive episodesDepressive episode, unspecifiedRecurrent Depressive DisorderCurrent episode mildCurrent episode moderateCurrent episode severe without psychotic symptomsCurrent episode severe with psychotic symptomsCurrently in remissionOther recurrent depressive disorder sUnspecifiedPersistent Mood [Affective] DisordersCyclothymiaDysthymiaOther persistent mood [affective] disordersUnspecifiedOther Mood [Affective] DisordersUnspecified Mood [Affective] Disorder In addition to the two formally recognized diagnostic classifications outlined above, there are quite a few other descriptive systems to be found in the literature. Many of these have been developed by researchers for specific projects or presented as possible alternatives as more is learned about these disorders. One such classification system is that of Young and Klerman who distinguish between six subtypes of manic depression. Young and Klerman Subtypes Bipolar I - Mania and Major DepressionBipolar II - Hypomania and Major DepressionBipolar III - CyclothymiaBipolar IV - Antidepressant-Induced Hypo/maniaBipolar V - Major Depression with a family history of Bipolar DisorderBipolar VI - Unipolar Mania

Japanese Anthropology Essay - 1772 Words

Prof. Bodoh-Creed Anth 338 – Section 1 February 27, 2012 On an ordinary Saturday afternoon, my sister and I made our way to 1st St. and Central Ave. from a failed attempt at another left-to-be-unnamed cultural epicenter, which was a very disappointing trip. Little Tokyo proved to be quite the opposite, as I was able to ascertain a much deeper understanding of the Japanese culture because of it, and at the same time was able to reflect on the differences and similarities of my Filipino heritage. From what I was able to gather, the Japanese and Filipino cultures have quite a few significant differences, but have more similarities than I originally anticipated. As the name would suggest, Little Tokyo is fairly little, with its†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, along 2nd Street one can find a Pinkberry and Japanese tavern sharing close proximity to one another, just one example of the comingled culture of Little Tokyo. We met many friendly people during our visit, but had the most luck getting interviews while we were in the shops an d making small talk with the workers and customers. The predominant religion in Little Tokyo is Buddhism, but sentiment varies widely depending on their connection to the Japanese culture and their age. I was told that there were a handful of temples scattered throughout the area, and according to an elderly female store owner many people find it very important to observe the religious decrees and go every Sunday to meditate. A younger Japanese woman who worked in one of the shops seemed to think otherwise, as she expressed that nobody really follows the customs anymore, but certainly like to profess it. She continued by saying, â€Å"The only time we really care is during funerals†, but during weddings they are seen in churches wearing American style gowns, bearing a mark of Judeo-Christian Western ideology. Although Buddhism is widely recognized to be the major religion among the Japanese, some of the smaller religions like Shinto and Christianity bring in a small following also, just not in Little Tokyo. Strolling along the Plaza, I encountered a pleasant Japanese American student in her mid-20s who had come all the way from Orange County. She toldShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Role of the Reflexive Ethnographer1252 Words   |  6 Pagesof the study of anthropology. The use of reflexivity has and wil l always be questioned in anthropology. Malinowski, who was a pioneer in the field of anthropology, discouraged the use of reflexivity; he, instead, believed that anthropology was scientific and could produce â€Å"concrete evidence† (Malinowski 17). Reflexivity is way in which anthropologists try to get rid of this scientific and rigid anthropology; it is a move towards an emotional and self-reflective anthropology. 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Comparing Public Vs Private Health Care System Essay

Healthcare is one of the most controversial political priorities of our time. It affects the young and the old; males and females; the rich and the poor; healthy and unhealthy. It can be about something as mundane as a checkup to a matter of life or death. What makes provision of healthcare so complex is the correlation of delivery and expenses. This expensive commodity often depends upon a political outlook about society and the people living in the community. Each country has developed a delivery system but there continues to be dialogue about what system is best for the consumer yet fiscally responsible. I address the question: â€Å"Health Care is always an important topic of debate. Often this debate occurs in terms that compare public versus private health care system. After showing how the public option is associated with welfare state liberalism and the private option with neo-conservativism, which option do you prefer and why?†, and argue that in developed countries such as Canada, public healthcare is a more sustainable and superior system over private. Healthcare is always a hard topic to debate, with many variables therefore making it hard to decipher which one is the top ideology. To start, the difference between the ideologies are that public healthcare is associated with welfare state liberalism. This means that the government has a vast amount of interaction within the country. According to the book Overview of Health the main purpose of public healthcare isShow MoreRelatedComparing Public Vs Private Health Care Systems Essay1563 Words   |  7 PagesI address the question: ‘Health care is always an important topic of debate. Often this debate occurs in terms that compare public versus private health care systems. 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VIRTUAL SCHOOLS AND THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY STUDENT Free Essays

string(53) " fix pupils for the twenty-first century work force\." Can Virtual Schools Meet the Needs of the Twenty-first Century Student? The turning complexness of an interdependent and interrelated universe has spurred monolithic instruction reforms in the United States. Unfortunately, many say that the instruction system is non overhauling plenty to bring forth more competitory 21st century pupils. Harmonizing to the North American Council for Learning and Partnership for twenty-first Century Skills ( 2006 ) , bulk of Americans feel that the United States is dawdling behind other industrialised states in fiting pupils with twenty-first century accomplishments such as critical thought and problem-solving accomplishments, computing machine and engineering accomplishments, and communicating and autonomy accomplishments. We will write a custom essay sample on VIRTUAL SCHOOLS AND THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY STUDENT or any similar topic only for you Order Now Calls to reform the instruction system to aline with the demands of the planetary work force have prompted support for practical schooling. Reports suggest a turning credence and popularity of on-line acquisition among pedagogues, parents, and pupils. K-12 online acquisition is a new field that caters to an estimated $ 50 million market and turning over 30 per centum yearly. There are over 173 practical charter schools functioning 92,235 pupils in 18 provinces in 2007 ; 57 per centum of public secondary schools in the U.S. offer auxiliary online classs and 72 per centum of school territories with distance instruction plans planned to spread out on-line offerings in the old ages to come ( Watson, Gemin, A ; Ryan, 2008 ) . The phenomenon of the â€Å" practical school † has generated much exhilaration. Considered by many to hold revolutionized the manner instruction is delivered and accessed in the digital epoch of the Information age, practical acquisition in the United States has roots that go manner back in the late eighteenth century. The modern precursor to the modern-day practical schools is the mail-based correspondence school, said to hold been invented in 1891 at the University of Chicago. From mail-based systems, bringing mechanisms shortly evolved to radio plans to telecasting and satellite broadcasts to the Internet-based practical schools of today. Virtual schools utilizing the Internet as medium were launched in the 1990s but its foundation established before that period. In 1988, the federal Star Schools plan was started with peculiar accent on supplying distance-education engineerings through telecommunication partnerships to little rural schools. In August 1993, a charter school was built by Horizon Instructional Systems in Lincoln, California, offering plans that include an â€Å" electronically assisted pupil learning † plan that blended home-based computing machines with satellite engineering and distance instruction. The K-12 practical school appears to hold materialized in the summer of 1995 when the Eugene, Oregon-based CyberSchool Project was launched by nine territory instructors. By 1996, the ballyhoo of the practical school took land with the constitution of the experimental WebSchool in Orange County Florida ; Cyber-School Academy in Washington State ; the Concord Virtual High School which was built through a $ 7.5 million grant ; and the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. What concretized the presence of K-12 practical schools is the outgrowth of big, multi-state plans such as the Florida Virtual School, founded in 1997 and the Virtual High School ( Greenway A ; Vanourek, 2006 ) . Several surveies and researches have cited both the advantages and disadvantages of online acquisition. Researches show that apart from online larning non demoing important difference in act uponing pupil public presentation compared to traditional schoolroom direction, on-line scholars experience signifiers of isolation and hapless societal accomplishments. Some surveies have concluded that effectual execution of blend larning attacks in practical schools contribute to better academic public presentation and assessment trial tonss for pupils compared to their traditional schoolroom opposite numbers. In add-on to betterment in nucleus academic topics, surveies besides show that practical schooling provides the needful accomplishments in critical thought, originative job resolution, digital literacy, liberty and planetary consciousness to fix pupils for the twenty-first century work force. You read "VIRTUAL SCHOOLS AND THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY STUDENT" in category "Essay examples" Thi s survey aims to garner pertinent literature to find whether or non the practical school can run into the demands of the twenty-first century pupil. Purpose of the Study The viability of online acquisition to supplement traditional schoolroom direction has become undeniable in the face of increased Internet connectivity. In the United Schools, 100 per centum of the schools have Internet entree. Computer use begins at really immature ages and immature kids are now able Godheads of multimedia content ( International Council for K-12 Online Learning, 2009 ) . Integrating engineering with instruction seems merely suiting in the digital epoch of the Information age. Like all instruction reforms enterprises, the instance has been made to extol and discredit the success of on-line acquisition in bring forthing 21st century-standard instruction results. Surveies have pointed to the effectivity of on-line acquisition as â€Å" tantamount † or â€Å" better † than traditional schoolroom direction ( Cavanaugh, 2001 ; Barker A ; Wendel, 2001 ) . In add-on, experts have come to believe that when used suitably, e-learning can take to improved pupil public presentation ( National Association of State Boards of Education, 2001 ) . There are besides disadvantages cited: isolation, hapless societal development, disadvantages for pupils experience linguistic communication, hapless accomplishment in physical demonstration-focused topics such as music, physical instruction, or foreign linguistic communication ( Barker A ; Wendel, 2001 ; Bon d, 2002 ) . Exhaustive research in on-line acquisition or practical schooling is limited, as research on the subject is comparatively new and undergoing development. This survey hopes to lend to the little organic structure of research that explores the capableness of practical schools to run into the demands of the twenty-first century scholar. This survey presents relevant theoretical constructs and bing research work to give a proper rating of whether or non practical schooling efficaciously equips and prepares the twenty-first century pupils with accomplishments needed to last in the competitory and internationalized work force. Statement of the Problem The alterations spurred by the Internet and multimedia engineering has challenged the traditional apprehension on how instruction is delivered in order to efficaciously fix pupils for the demands of the twenty-first century. Virtual schools break down geographical and clip barriers that limit chances for larning. The promise of flexibleness and pupil liberty in practical schooling are believed to fix pupils for the increasing demand in job resolution accomplishments and technological expertness in the globalized work force. Research workers have pointed both advantages and disadvantages of the practical school. While it offers exciting chances for pupil battle, strictly on-line larning lacks the needed face-to-face interaction and exposure to socialisation that traditional acquisition can supply. Hence, the blended acquisition or intercrossed attack, which combines both the online experience and face-to-face direction, has found application in most schools offering online classs toda y. This survey will reexamine relevant literature in order to reply the undermentioned research inquiries: What are the demands of the twenty-first century pupil? What is the effectivity of practical schooling in bettering pupil public presentation? What is the potency of practical schooling in supplying pupils with twenty-first century accomplishments, peculiarly ( a ) critical thought and job resolution accomplishments ; ( B ) planetary consciousness ; ( c ) information communications and engineering ( ICT ) skills ; and ( vitamin D ) autonomous acquisition and authorization? Discussion This subdivision presents selected relevant surveies and theoretical constructs that explore the capableness of practical schools to run into the demands of 21st century pupils, peculiarly in bettering nucleus academic competences every bit good as alleged twenty-first century accomplishments. The Needs of the Twenty-first Century Student Aside from the academic nucleus competences listed in the No Child Left Behind Act ( 2001 ) such as English, reading or linguistic communication humanistic disciplines, mathematics, scientific discipline, foreign linguistic communications, civics, authorities, economic sciences, humanistic disciplines, history, and geographics, theoreticians list several accomplishments needed by the 21st century pupil: information, media literacy, and engineering accomplishments, larning and invention accomplishments, life and calling accomplishments, and planetary consciousness ( NACOL and Partnership for twenty-first Century Skills, 2006 ) . Information, media, and engineering accomplishments are farther subdivided into information literacy, media literacy, and information, communications and engineering ( ICT ) literacy. Information literacy is the pupil ‘s capacity to entree and measure information expeditiously and efficaciously, every bit good as appreciating the cardinal ethical issues related to information entree. Media literacy entails the capacity to understand why and how media messages are constructed and the creative activity of media merchandises using appropriate media creative activity tools. Information and communications engineering ( ICT ) literacy is the aptitude of utilizing digital engineerings ( computing machines, media participants, etc. ) , societal webs, and communication/networking tools to measure and pass on information and successfully map in a knowledge-based economic system. Learning and invention accomplishments include creativeness and invention, critical thought and problem-solving, and communicating and coaction. Creativity is the ability to make a broad scope of new and worthwhile thoughts, refinement and measuring them to better originative attempts, every bit good as the openness and reactivity to new positions. Critical thought involves abilities such as job designation, information assemblage, premises, informations reading, measuring grounds, acknowledging relationships, pulling decisions, proving decisions, retracing forms and doing judgements ( Thornburg, 2000 ) . Communication and coaction accomplishments involves the ability to joint ideas and thoughts efficaciously utilizing verbal and gestural communicating methods, listening efficaciously, and working efficaciously with diverse squads or groups. Effectiveness of Virtual Schools in Improving Student Performance Key findings gathered by educational reform organisations comparing student public presentation among on-line scholars and traditional schoolroom scholars range from â€Å" no important difference † , â€Å" equal † , and â€Å" better † results for pupils engaged in on-line acquisition. Surveies besides point to intermix acquisition or the intercrossed attack as the method that consequences to outdo pupil results. In a meta-analysis done by The U.S. Department of Education ( 2009 ) synthesising 51 on-line surveies in 2009, consequences indicate that â€Å" on norm, pupils in on-line acquisition conditions performed better than those having face-to-face direction † ( p. nine ) . Furthermore, the survey compared results of both online and blended larning attacks to face-to-face direction. The survey concludes that blended direction was more effectual than face-to-face direction and recommends execution of blended attacks. A meta-analysis conducted by Cavanaugh ( 2001 ) explored the differences in accomplishment among distance acquisition and traditional schoolroom plans at the K-12 degree. Consequences indicated that accomplishment was more or less tantamount among the two groups. The Florida TaxWatch Center for Educational Performance and Accountability ( 2007 ) cited in its concluding study of the Florida Virtual School that pupils enrolled in online classs outperformed their equals in traditional schools. In the school twelvemonth 2004-05, FLVS pupils outperformed their traditional school opposite numbers in nine out of 10s capable countries. Both groups scored 85 % in art/visual humanistic disciplines. During the 2005-06 school twelvemonth, high school pupils taking on-line classs scored systematically higher in nine out of 10s capable countries than traditional public high school scholars. The study besides indicated that FLVS pupils systematically earned higher classs, received better FCAT ( Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test ) scores, and achieved higher Markss on Advanced Placement ( AP ) exams than scholars in traditional schools. A survey on K-adult distance instruction plans conducted by Shachar and Neumann ( 2003 ) revealed a important positive consequence, reasoning that in approximately two-thirds of the instances, distance instruction scholars outperformed their traditional schoolroom opposite numbers. Cavanaugh et Al. ( 2004 ) conducted a meta-analysis aimed at comparing accomplishment in online and traditional schoolroom plans. The synthesis revealed â€Å" no important difference † in academic results and concluded â€Å" about tantamount † steps between on-line pupils and schoolroom opposite numbers. Other surveies reveal that groups of pupils larning on-line by and large achieve at degrees equal to their equals in schoolrooms. There appears to be grounds to show that when used suitably, blended acquisition attacks in practical schooling can better what pupils learn and supply them with high-quality acquisition chances ( Kearsley, 2000 ; National Association of State Boards of Education, 2001 ) . Potential of Virtual Schools in Promoting twenty-first Century Skills Unlike literature on the effectivity of post-secondary and higher-education online acquisition, there is a dearth of research that focuses on the effectivity of K-12 distance instruction in heightening learning results among pupils. Using the Partnership for twenty-first Century Skills theoretical account ( 2007 ) , the literature presents bing certification on effectivity of online acquisition in furthering critical thought and job resolution accomplishments, ICT or digital literacy, planetary consciousness, and autonomous acquisition and authorization. Critical Thinking and Problem Solving Since 21st century occupations require higher degrees of job work outing accomplishments and critical thought, practical schools prepare their pupils by guaranting that they are able to appreciate relationships between abstract thoughts and practical applications in the context of the existent universe. NACOL ( 2001 ) asserts that practical schools use competency-based acquisition theoretical accounts that are effectual in heightening critical thought accomplishments. Creative job resolution is besides facilitated through group or squad activities developed routinely in online classs. The contextual acquisition theory, the acquisition theoretical account used in on-line acquisition, suggests that larning occurs merely when the scholar is able to treat newly-acquired information in a mode that makes sense to them utilizing their ain frames of mention. Since the head of course finds significance in context, it establishes connexions that has significance and seem utile. Education theoreticians assert that when acquisition is situated in the context of real-world scenarios, pupils become more motivated to larn. In add-on, pupils find more exhilaration as they represent and simulate reliable and existent real-world jobs, alternatively of abstract, out-of-context activities ( Bransford, Brown, A ; Cocking, 2000 ; Driscoll A ; Carliner, 2005 ) . Many theoreticians argue that the effectivity of practical acquisition is based on rules of effectual acquisition in general. Harmonizing to the acquisition theory, acquisition is enhanced or promoted on three conditions: ( a ) when pupils have active engagement in the acquisition procedure ; ( B ) when coursework is contextualized in real-life state of affairss and experiences ; and ( degree Celsius ) when deep acquisition or critical thought is facilitated through brooding activities ( Bransford, Brown, A ; Cocking, 2000 ; Quitadamo A ; Brown, 2001 ) . The National Survey of Student Engagement ( 2008 ) survey found that online scholars reported deeper attacks to larning than classroom-based scholars and experienced â€Å" better usage of higher order believing accomplishments, integrative thought, and brooding acquisition † ( p. 15 ) . Duffy and Cunningham ( 1996 ) assert that practical schools facilitate acquisition by utilizing engineering in making real-life contexts that engage scholars in work outing complex jobs. Using real-world state of affairss promotes deep acquisition by developing critical thought in the pupil. Online direction such as simulation promotes critical thought as it involves active and adept analysis, synthesis, and the application of information to peculiar state of affairss. An illustration of a contextualized acquisition attack applied efficaciously is illustrated by Florida Virtual School ‘s scientific discipline course of study. The school ‘s course of study is designed by and large to go around around the usage of job work outing accomplishments and real-world applications. For case, in a Geometry category, pupils are non merely taught theoretical edifice and architectural constructs. The on-line instructor required pupils to complete a undertaking utilizing real-world architectural rules. After sharing digital transcripts of designs and floor programs, pupils were instructed to pull the front position of place. Another assignment required pupils to research the constructs of incline, rise, pitch, and run by analyzing local edifices ( Florida TaxWatch, 2007 ) . The usage of multimedia in practical schools is an effectual acquisition tool that facilitates student battle. Multimedia inclusion in on-line classs finds support in basic cognitive rules of larning. Constructivism argues that larning can merely be meaningful one time the scholar is able to choose relevant information, form this information, and efficaciously makes connexions between matching readings. Furthermore, active acquisition occurs when the scholar engages in three cognitive procedures: choosing relevant words for verbal processing and choosing relevant images for ocular processing, forming words into a coherent verbal theoretical account and forming images into a consistent ocular theoretical account, incorporating matching constituents of the verbal and ocular theoretical accounts. As a consequence, Doolittle ( as cited in Hede, 2002 ) concludes that pupils have a better potency for larning from a combination of words and images than from words entirely. The usage of game s and simulations when learning on-line topics allow goal-based challenges that stimulates involvement and heightens pupils ‘ motive. In add-on, supplying tools that enable pupils to collate and footnote notes promote battle ( Hede, 2002 ) . Autonomous Learning and Empowerment The nature of the 21st century cognition economic system requires citizens to be engaged in womb-to-tomb acquisition. As a consequence, being in control of the way of one ‘s ain acquisition becomes non merely valuable but necessary in the twenty-first century. Online direction offers the needful flexibleness and convenience to finish larning units when and where a scholar desires ( McDonald, 2000 ) . Furthermore, practical schools empower scholars with self-paced and autonomous acquisition, allowing them take independently what courses to take and when. The self-paced nature of online larning benefits both pupils who are speedy scholars and those who need more clip in finishing class aims. Quick scholars are given the chance to larn at an prosecuting gait while pupils who are comparatively slow in carry throughing larning units can take their clip without being capable to stigma ( Watson, Gemin A ; Ryan, 2008 ) . Online acquisition besides encourages pupils to put to death clip direction and pattern a higher degree of personal duty ( Cavanaugh, 2001 ) . To exemplify, Florida Virtual School pupils are able to take the rate of class completion depending on their single demands. Students are empowered to either extend or cut down their completion period from the traditional 36-week school twelvemonth. In making so, pupils are able to pull off their clip and custom-make the faculty or unit organisers provided to accommodate their demands. Flexibility in online acquisition comes with the pupil ‘s answerability to subject terminal merchandises to their teachers. Students are free to subject class assignments at any clip of the twenty-four hours in a given hebdomad but will still be capable to answerability steps. This theoretical account is really much comparable to practical offices and teleworking of today that allows flexibleness but commands high answerability and quality outlooks for the terminal merchandise. Haughey and Anderson ( 1998 ) province that online, networked acquisition has the undermentioned advantages: communicating and interaction ; immediateness ; permanency ; diffusion ; and, exhilaration. Interactive and interpersonal applications of digital engineering facilitates the displacement on how acquisition is approached. Online larning makes the move from an authority-based acquisition to one founded on find or experiential acquisition. Online larning facilitates communicating and interaction based on a learner-centered theoretical account ( Cavanaugh, 2001 ) . The learner-centered attack is the nucleus of the practical school doctrine. Learner-centered instruction in online classs necessitates increased communicating on an single footing, and frequently consequences to positive teacher-student relationships. Positive student-teacher relationships nurtured online are lined to positive pupil results, such as critical thought, motive, and dropout bar. The National Association of State Boards of Education ( NASBE, 2001 ) lists the undermentioned activities that could further communicating and coaction among pupils in practical schools: instructional resources ( on-line tutorials, WebQuests, practice/testing environments, instructional faculties, practical labs, and simulations ) ; informational stuffs ( scouts, electronic databases, mention resources, streaming picture, and digitized primary resources ) ; practical escapades such as web-based Tourss and practical field trips ; unrecorded interactions utilizing picture conferencing ; collaborative online acquisition ( e-mail, web logs, treatments, undertaking sharing, collaborative scientific discipline experiments, collaborative authorship, online books treatments, on-line writer visits, and adept treatments ; on-line aid ( proficient support, mention inquiries, mentoring, and peer tutoring ) ; sharing infinite ( practical galleries of pupil work, on-line newspapers, and collaborat ive composing countries ) . Global Awareness The world of globalisation has put force per unit area on instruction systems to set to the increasing complexnesss and demands of an mutualist universe. Education ‘s intent in developing responsible and productive citizens to fuel national growing has been supplanted as increasing competition and mutuality of a globalized universe require pupils to be educated in order to go more productive international citizens. Harmonizing to Schukar ( 1993 ) , â€Å" Children in this state must be provided an instruction that more than adequately prepares them for citizenship in the society and universe they will shortly inherit † ( p. 57 ) . The coming of globalisation has necessitated monolithic reforms in instruction. Thomas Friedman ( 2005 ) contends in his book, â€Å" The World is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century † that antiquity in the methods of acquisition and learning have no topographic point in the â€Å" level † and â€Å" connected † universe. Hence, digital engineering, which he attributes to the universe ‘s â€Å" flattening † , must be utilized to interrupt down clip and geographical barriers in instruction. Through it, the ascribed function to instruction as the great equaliser can carry through to a greater extent than the traditional educational methods. Partnership for twenty-first Century Skills ( 2007 ) emphasizes the importance of developing planetary consciousness in the twenty-first century pupil. Global consciousness involves the usage of critical thought and job resolution to be able to understand planetary issues, learn from and prosecute collaboratively with persons from diverse civilizations and backgrounds to further an attitude of common regard and unfastened duologue, and understand different civilizations and larning non-English linguistic communications. The purpose of planetary instruction is to develop empathy and perspective-taking among pupils as they study human struggle and cooperation, mutuality of human systems, and cross-cultural differences ( Freeman, 1993 ; Tye A ; Tye, 1992 ) . In other words, planetary instruction serves to bring forth pupils who have a planetary position and are equipped with accomplishments, cognition and temperaments to be able to appreciate and digest the built-in pluralities in civilization, ethnicity, and faith in the globalized universe ( Gilliom, 1981 ) . There are several types of activities that practical schools launch to advance planetary consciousness and an enhanced grasp of cultural diverseness among pupils. Virtual schools teach societal surveies concepts that require pupils to make web-based research, communicate with pupils from different states or provinces, engage in collaborative undertakings, and travel on telefieldtrips ( Harris, 2002 ) . As a consequence, pupils are provided the chance for real-time interaction and collaborative acquisition with kids from diverse civilizations that the physical school can non. Merryfield ( 2000 ) provinces that when engineerings are fused with societal surveies larning, the possible to advance cross-cultural apprehensions is maximized and consciousness in subjects such as equity, diverseness, and favoritism are heightened. NACOL ( 2001 ) paperss one of the most advanced undertakings launched by Broward Country Public Schools with the aid of the Florida Virtual School that successfully fused societal surveies larning with engineering to develop planetary consciousness. In an AP and Honors American History Course, four groups composed of Nipponese and American pupils collaborated through on-line picture conferencing and email interaction to discourse World War II and Japan-US dealingss. Using a Nipponese translator, American pupils were able to interact with pupils from Achiba, Japan. Other instructional content came from a Holocaust subsister, Nipponese cantonment captive and a professor of Asiatic Studies. Throughout the class, pupils created multimedia presentations and engaged in problem-solving activities. â€Å" Face-to-face † coaction utilizing Web picture conferencing enabled heightened cultural consciousness and promoted the bridging of two civilizations. Young, Birtolo, A ; McElman ( 2009 ) reports how on-line acquisition in the Florida Virtual School ( FLVS ) provides chances for pupils ‘ increased consciousness and grasp of planetary issues and concerns. Students are given activities runing from online forums to discourse AIDS and universe hungriness, to engagement in online nines that portion perspectives on international personal businesss and other societal issues. In 2008, staff from FLVS ‘ online newspaper News in a Click interned as editors for PEARL World Youth News where they collaborated with pupils all over the universe through Web conferencing in making and redacting the newspaper. Creative schemes utilized by online instructors besides provide avenues of intercultural coaction and duologue ( Young, Birtolo, A ; McElman, 2009 ) . One illustration is the Global Economic Summit organized by FLVS economic sciences instructor Patty Sibson that featured a cross-curriculum treatment of planetary issues participated by around 100 scholars from different states. The activity utilised Web conferencing and originative problem-solving undertakings. Another illustration is the on-line Chinese Language class offered by the Michigan Virtual High School ( MVHS ) . The class, which meant to present Chinese linguistic communication and civilization to get downing Chinese linguistic communication scholars, ran for a semester and was taught by a qualified Chinese-speaking teacher. Using a task-based language-learning course of study, the class emphasized on heightening basic communicating accomplishments and cross-cultural, planetary consciousness and apprehension. The on-line class required self-study and practical meetings and was designed to have four chief resources: an e-textbook, a group problem-solving undertaking, Web conferencing and treatment, and a group composing activity ( NACOL, 2001 ) . Digital engineerings used in practical schools offer pupils the agencies to get new types of cognition, accomplishments, and temperaments needed to work more efficaciously and go more productive planetary citizens ( Bell-Rose A ; Desai, 2005 ) . Digital engineerings offer many possible ways to further planetary consciousness in schoolrooms. By inculcating planetary instruction and engineering in societal surveies larning, pupils are able to appreciate the interrelatednesss of states and peoples worldwide. Liz Pape ( 2007 ) discussed how practical schools are lending in run intoing the planetary consciousness accomplishments of the twenty-first century pupil. In an online confab interview moderated by Education Sector, she explains that online acquisition schools have developed learning theoretical accounts that enable the bringing of interaction of pupils across province or national lines, such as those take parting in online schoolrooms together. In this mode, planetary consciousness and citizenship accomplishments among pupils are developed. Certain restrictions prevent practical schools from maximising the chances of pupils to develop cross-cultural apprehensions such as larning non-English linguistic communications. There is a accepted deficit of foreign linguistic communication instructors ( Cavaluzzo A ; Higgins, 2001 ) . Furthermore, technology-based societal scientific discipline learning to develop planetary consciousness is non ever successful. There is a needed attempt upon the online instructor to originate and put to death originative schemes that could bring forth coveted planetary instruction results. Surveies have come to reason that engineering entirely does non heighten pupil results ( McIsacc A ; Gunawardena, 2001 ) Information and communications engineering ( ICT ) Literacy The demand for technological aptitude in order to go more competitory in the twenty-first century work force is now undeniable. In the age of information, it has become a necessity for pupils to get the hang the ability to utilize engineerings to treat, analyze, and articulate information in instruction, life, or employment scenes. Since the usage of engineering in practical schools is a constitutional demand, pupils master twenty-first century engineering accomplishments to fix them for the planetary and Web-driven workplace. Some pedagogues feel the effectivity of engineering is overestimated, mentioning that presenting information engineering in schools has non achieved either transmutation of learning or larning. Research workers deduce that maximising the benefits of IT investings require more than merely presenting engineering and alining it with the course of study. They believe it requires the triangulation of content, sound acquisition rules, and high-quality instruction ( Cox et al. , 2003 ) . Several suggest that the appropriate application of digital engineering in the schoolroom puting enhances pupil outcomes. In 2003, a quasi-experimental survey was conducted by Rosas et Al. ( as cited in Metiri Group, 2009 ) on 1,274 early simple pupils in Chile whose results were compared to a intervention group that were equipped with hand-held devices with games designed to progress reading comprehension, spelling, and mathematical accomplishments. After a period of 3 months, the survey revealed that pupils who used the hand-held devices for 30 hours posted important betterments than their control group opposite numbers. A survey studies positive correlativities between the use of educational games on PDAs and public presentation in reading comprehension and mathematics. The surveies conclude that bet oning engages pupils in deep concentration and motive that leads to high attending, concentration, and self-regulation of pupils ‘ larning procedure ( Savill-Smith A ; Kent, 2003 ) . A meta-analysis across 42 surveies conducted by Pearson et Al. ( as cited in Metiri Group, 2009 ) showed important positive consequences with the usage of practical larning engineering in primary and secondary schools. Except for foreign linguistic communication were practical acquisition revealed uneffective, consequences were consistent across class degrees and capable countries. Effectss were somewhat higher to scholars under blended acquisition plans. Decision The complex challenges that pupils face today in visible radiation of the quickly increasing diverseness of the state ‘s population, globalisation of commercialism and civilization, and detonation of the Internet and other engineerings, higher academic results and increased versatility will assist fix pupils run into the demands of the twenty-first century. The related literature reviewed indicates the potency of practical schools to adequately run into the demands of the twenty-first century pupils and contribute to heighten academic public presentation and the development of of import accomplishments needed to fix them for the work force and the planetary economic system. There are advantages every bit good as disadvantages to online acquisition, but its benefits outweigh its restrictions. Research besides points to the blended acquisition policy or the combination of online and face-to-face direction as the most ideal in run intoing demands of the twenty-first century pupil. There remains yet inconclusive grounds on whether online acquisition surpasses the quality of traditional schoolroom acquisition, but it is clear that the practical school has become a popular and necessary option for 1000000s of pupils across America. Maximum benefits of practical schools may include easing betterment of pupils public presentation in academic nu cleus topics every bit good as developing accomplishments including originative job resolution, critical thought, autonomous acquisition and authorization, and ICT literacy. How to cite VIRTUAL SCHOOLS AND THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY STUDENT, Essay examples

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Accounting period Interim period 3. An account linked with another account that has an opposite normal balance and that is subtracted from the balance of the related account is a(n): (Points : 1) Accrued expense Contra account Accrued revenue Intangible asset Adjunct account 4. Adjusting entries: (Points : 1) Affect only income statement accounts Affect only balance sheet accounts Affect both income statement and balance sheet accounts Affect only cash flow statement accounts Affect only equity accounts 5. A post-closing trial balance reports: (Points : 1) All ledger accounts with balances, none of which can be temporary accounts All ledger accounts with balances, none of which can be permanent accounts All ledger accounts with balances, which include some temporary and some permanent accounts Only revenue and expense accounts Only asset accounts 6. A trial balance prepared before any adjustments have been recorded is: (Points : 1) An adjusted trial balance Used to prepare financial statements An unadjusted trial balance Correct with respect to proper balance sheet and income statement amounts Only prepared once a year 7. We will write a custom essay sample on Self Assessment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Kader Co. paid a total of $35,000 in dividends during the current year. The entry needed to close the dividends account is: (Points : 1) Debit Income Summary and credit Cash for $35,000 Debit Dividends and credit Cash for $35,000 Debit Income Summary and credit Dividends for $35,000 Debit Retained Earnings and credit Dividends for $35,000 Debit Dividends and credit Retained earnings for $35,000 8. Profit margin is defined as: (Points : 1) Revenues divided by net sales Net sales divided by assets Net income divided by net sales Net income divided by assets Assets divided by net sales 9. The asset section of a classified balance sheet usually includes: (Points : 1) Current assets, investments, plant assets and intangible assets Current assets, long-term assets, revenues and intangible assets Current assets, investments, plant assets and equity Current liabilities, investments, plant assets and intangible assets Current assets, liabilities, plant assets and intangible assets 0. If accrued salaries were recorded on December 31 with a credit to Salaries Payable, the entry to record payment of these wages on the following January 5 would include: (Points : 1) A debit to Cash and a credit to Salaries Payable A debit to Cash and a credit to Prepaid Salaries A debit to Salaries Payable and a credit to Cash A debit to Salaries Payable and a credit to Salaries Expense No entry would be necessary on January 5 ANS: 7 correct out o f 10 1)3 2)1 3)2 4)3 5)1 6)3 7)2 8)3 9)1 10)3